巻号一覧
38 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1～9を表示しています
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Sachi Sri Kantha1989 年 38 巻 1 号 p. 1-12
発行日: 1989年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーThis review examines the awards of Nobel Prizes for Medicine or Physiology discipline between 1901 and 1987, in order to evaluate the advances made in biomedical sciences in the twentieth century. A total of 78 awards had been made amounting to 144 laureates. Countrywise, scientists from the USA lead the tally of Nobelists with 62 laureates, followed by those from Britain and Germany. In the first quarter (1901-25), majority of the awards were given to pioneering studies in microbiology and physiology. Following three decades (1926-55) show the emergence of biochemists as preferred winners with many of the nutrition-related discoveries receiving the recognition. During and immediately after the Second World War (between 1939 and 1957), pharmacology related studies were also awarded Nobel merit. Molecular biology, genetics and immunology had become the prime areas for recipients during the last three decades beginning with 1958. Apart from these four distinct speciality areas, classic discoveries in the fields of neurosciences and behavior, clinical medicine, experimental biology endocrinology had also been recognized at regular intervals.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (514K) -
柴山 太郎1989 年 38 巻 1 号 p. 13-26
発行日: 1989年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーTo clarify the mechanisms of anti-tumor activity of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor α (rTNFα), an established cell line KU-2, derived from a patient with human renal cell carcinoma (RCC), was treated with rTNFα alone or in combination with anti-cancer agents: actinomycin-D (ACC), vinblastine sulfate (VLB), nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU), and methotrexate (MTX). Cytotoxic assay by crystal violet dye exclusion test showed that 21.0±4.0% and 34.8±4.7% of the cells were killed by 72 hours incubation with 100 ng/ml of rTNFα alone, and 1 ng/ml of ACD alone, respectively. Synergistic cytotoxicity of 75.0±0.3% was observed at 72 hours when 100 ng/ml of rTNFα and 1 ng/ml of ACD were added simultaneously. Furthermore, additive cytotoxicity of 48.5±1.1% was observed by 0.1 ng/ml of VLB and 100 ng/ml of rTNFα. However, when KU-2 was treated in conjunction with both 100 ng/ml of rTNFα and 3μg/ml of ACNU or 2.5 ng/ml of MTX, no significant increase in cyto-toxicity was demonstrated. When KU-2 was pretreated with 1 ng/ml of ACD for 24 hours, followed by adding 100 ng/ml of rTNFα, a synergistic cytotoxicity by ACD and rTNFα was observed at 24 hours. On the other hand, when KU-2 was pretreated with 100 ng/ml of rTNFα for 24 hours, followed by adding 1 ng/ml of ACD, no significant increase in cytotoxicity was demonstrated. In clonogenic assay studies, the colony forming efficiency (CE) of the control cul-tures was 31.8±8.1%. A 92.3±1.8 reduction in CE was observed when 100 ng/ml of rTNFα was added to the cultures. No significant synergistic or additive effects were demonstrated between rTNFα and chemotherapeutic agents in clonogenic assay studies. The effects of rTNFα on exponentially growing KU-2 cells were analyzed by studying the distribution of cells in the cell cycle. No cell cycle specific effect of rTNFα was demonstrated, regardless of whether or not chemotherapeutic agents were added. These results indicated that the cytotoxic and cytostatic activities of rTNFα may be mediated by separate mechanisms of action, Moreover, it was postulated that rTNFα may more significantly affect KU-2 cells having clonogenic potentials. rTNFα was concluded to have significant anti-tumor effects on renal cell carcinoma cells based on clonogenic assay studies. The combination therapy with rTNFα and ACD or VLB can be used in the management of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma, resistant to current therapy based on biological response modifiers (BRMs).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (537K) -
丸茂 健, 池内 幸一, 馬場 志郎, 上野 宗久, 田崎 寛1989 年 38 巻 1 号 p. 27-35
発行日: 1989年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーNatural killer (NK) cell activity and recycling capacity of NK cells in patients with carcinoma of the prostate (CaP) was determined by combining the 51Cr-release cytotoxicity assay and single cell cytotoxicity assay in agarose. The NK cell activity in patients with advanced CaP (stage D) was significantly lower than the NK cell activity of normal controls and that of patients with localized CaP (stage B and C). The number of active NK cells in the peripheral blood lymphocytes was similar in all groups tested including normal controls, patients with localized CaP, and patients with advanced CaP. Maximal killing potential (Vmax) and maximal recycling capacity (MRC) were significantly reduced in patients with advanced CaP as compared to patients with localized CaP or normal controls. Obtained results indicated that the depressed NK cell activity in advanced CaP was not due to a reduced number of active NK cells but due to the decreased recycling capacity of the individual NK cells.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (362K) -
碧井 猛, 高島 敬忠, 高田 富博, 岡田 太皓1989 年 38 巻 1 号 p. 36-39
発行日: 1989年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーA clinical and cytogenetical study of mentally retarded male adults with an IQ of below 35 has been carried out in the Ranzan Colony for Mental Retardates, Saitama, Japan. The study showed one fragile X-positive retardate with IQ 23 in the 53 residential retarded patients, giving a hemizygote prevalence of 1.9% (1/53). Macroorchidism and elongated ears, practical markers for the clinical diagnosis of fragile X-linked mental retardation, were also detected in this 43-year-old subject with fra(X) (q27.3). He is amiable and no autistic behavior has been observed. The subject, however, has been suffering from epilepsy since childhood and has cataract in both eyes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (515K) -
北村 俊則, 加野 象次郎, 島 悟, 浅井 昌弘1989 年 38 巻 1 号 p. 40-52
発行日: 1989年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーThe dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was performed in 38 patients satisfying the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for cortisol, human growth hormone (hGH), prolactin, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined at 4:00 p.m. before the administration of dexamethasone, whereas cortisol, hGH and TSH were determined at 4:00 p.m. the day after. Among hormonal variables, only cortisol index (the ratio of the pre-DST cortisol to the post-DST cortisol) was barely useful for discriminating depression. The cortisol index was also correlated with RDC incapacitating subcategory and with symptoms of affect such as depressed mood and psychic anxiety.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (549K) -
Francesco Marotta, 羽田 隆一, Paolo Morello, Francesco Ragno, 小野 慶一1989 年 38 巻 1 号 p. 53-59
発行日: 1989年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーPneumonia and cardiac arrhythmias represent the most common life-threatening complications during delirium tremens. Electrolyte abnormalities are common underlying conditions in chronic alcoholics and they may further complicate the management of patients with alcohol-withdrawal syndrome or with delirium tremens. The authors present two cases in which the clinical picture of severe paralytic ileus complicating delirium tremens was closely associated with electrolyte status and postulate that the two were cause-effect related. A careful electrolyte supplement therapy guided by a strict monitoring of electrolyte balance and renal function proved to be particularly useful in successful management.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (732K) -
David P. Faxon1989 年 38 巻 1 号 p. 60-64
発行日: 1989年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーCoronary angioplasty has dramatically influenced the current practice of cardiology. Introduced only 10 years ago, it is now widely used as a means of revascularizing symptomatic patients with coronary artery disease. It is currently considered the optimal therapy for nearly one half of patients needing a revascularization procedure. Recent studies suggest that the technique can be satisfactorily and effectively used in elderly patients, those with multivessel disease, as well as patients with recent myocardial infarctions. Despite these broadening indications, success rates have risen to more than 90% in most centers while mortality has remained low (1%). Angioplasty is still limited by restenosis or renarrowing of the dilated vessel that occurs in 25-35% of patients within the first six months. Repeat angioplasty is successful in almost all patients and can even be repeated on multiple occasions if necessary. Long-term follow-up shows a low incidence of subsequent death or non-fatal myocardial infarction with a majority of patients asymptomatic after five years. New techniques are now being developed to permit recannulization of chronically totally occluded blood vessels as well as reduce abrupt vessel closure and early restenosis. These techniques include laser angioplasty, atherectomy and intravascular stents. The growth and expansion of angioplasty has given the cardiovascular physician an important new treatment modality for symptomatic patients with coronary artery disease. Its impact on the practice of medicine will be felt for many years to come.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (249K) -
David Dolphin1989 年 38 巻 1 号 p. 65-69
発行日: 1989年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーHemeproteins play important physiological roles for an oxygen metabolism in living organisms. Their functions are divided to three main groups, i) hemoglobins, myoglobins and the cytochromes which function by transporting and storing dioxygen and electrons; ii) catalase and peroxidases which are activated by hydrogen peroxide, iii) cytochrome oxidase and cytochrome P450 both of which bind dioxygen and use the dioxygen as an electron sink or by partially reducting the dioxygen to make a powerful oxidizing agent. The hemeproteins included to group ii) have been established to produce a reaction intermediate, oxo-ferry (Fe(IV)) π-cation radical, during the catalytic cycle. Recent model studies to mimic cytochrome P450 catalyzed-reaction have shown that the intermediate retains an activated oxygen and functions as a powerful oxidizing agent in the monoxygenase reaction. In this article, the properties of the intermediate and the role in cytochrome P450 monoxygenase reaction is summarized.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (146K) -
Mortality Rate of Schizophrenic Patients with Tardive Dyskinesia during 10 Years: A Controlled Study八木 剛平, 高宮 真樹, 神庭 重信, 上島 国利1989 年 38 巻 1 号 p. 70-72
発行日: 1989年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーWe examined mortality rates (MR) during 10 years between schizophrenic inpatients with and without tardive dyskinesia (TD). The TD group had a significantly higher MR (41%), as compared with the control group (20%). However, we could not reveal critical factors to explain why the TD patients had the higher MR.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (120K)
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