巻号一覧
46 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の8件中1～8を表示しています
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Myrna M Weissman1997 年 46 巻 3 号 p. 105-110
発行日: 1997年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーInterpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), a time-limited treatment for major depression, was developed, defined in a manual, and tested in randomized clinical trials by the late Gerald L Klerman, MD, and collaborators. It has subsequently been modified for different age groups (adolescents-elderly), types of mood disorders (dysthymia, bipolar disorder, antepartum and postpartum patients), and nonmood disorders (bulimia, drug abuse, borderline personality disorder, social phobia, somatization, medically ill patients). It has been used as a long-term treatment, in a group format, over the telephone, and as a patient guide. It has been translated into Italian, German and recently Japanese. Having begun as a research intervention, IPT is only recently being disseminated among clinicians or in residency training programs. The publication of efficacy data, the appearance of two practice guidelines in the United States that include IPT among treatments for depression, the interest in defined treatments for managed care and the endorsement of Consumers Guide have led to increasing requests for information and training. This paper briefly describes the concepts and techniques of IPT and the current status of adaptation. In summary, evidence from controlled clinical trials suggests that IPT is a reasonable alternative or adjunct to medication as an acute, continuation, and/or maintenance treatment for patients with major or mild depression, patients who are human immunodeficienty virus (HIV) positive, or who have bulimia. It is a promising treatment for depressed adolescents and for geriatric patients, for patients with dysthymia and as treatment for depressed couples marital disputes. A final conclusion awaits the completion of clinical trials underway before substantial claims can be made. IPT is not effective, as compared to a standard drug program, for opiate and cocaine addicted patients.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (567K) -
Kazuhisa Suehiro, Edward F Plow1997 年 46 巻 3 号 p. 111-114
発行日: 1997年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーIntegrins are alpha/bets heterodimeric adhesion receptors. αIIbβ3 (GPIIb-IIIa) and αvβ3 (the vitronectin receptor) share the same beta subunit, S3, but have distinct alpha subunits. These sister integrins not only recognize many of the same ligands but also have certain unique ligands. Based upon current information in the literature, we propose that four classes of β3 ligands can be distinguished. Since the β3 integrins have multiple functions in vivo and are targets for therapy, this classification system may be useful in the design and characterization of therapeutic agents.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (359K) -
Su-Hua Sha, Jochen Schacht1997 年 46 巻 3 号 p. 115-119
発行日: 1997年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーThis review discusses the current problem of ototoxicity associated with the worldwide use of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Pathology and pathophysiology of cochlear and vestibular damage have long been recognized as a preferential destruction of hair cells beginning in the cochlea with the outer hair cells of the lower turns. This is accompanied by high frequency hearing loss progressing to lower frequencies during and even after treatment with these drugs. A novel hypothesis of the underlying biochemical mechanism is based on the formation of free radicals by an aminoglycoside-iron complex. A protective treatment against aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss by co-administration of iron chelators has been successfully documented in guinea pig. This pharmacological intervention does not change serum levels of aminoglycosides nor their antibacterial efficacy. Since iron chelators are established therapeutic drugs, the proposed treatment should lend itself to clinical application. Aminoglycosides, long established for their high efficacy and low cost, may thus continue to play an important role in combating infectious diseases.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (422K) -
森田 陽子, 福内 靖男, 厚東 篤生, 鈴木 則宏, 五十棲 一男, 後藤 淳, 清水 利彦, 高尾 昌樹, 青山 正洋1997 年 46 巻 3 号 p. 120-127
発行日: 1997年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーWe investigated rapid changes in pial arterial diameter and in cerebral blood flow (CBF) caused by transient ipsilateral common carotid artery occlusion (CCA-O) in anesthetized rats in order to elucidate how the cerebral circulation reacts to acute stem artery occlusion. In separate groups of rats, pial arterial diameter was recorded through a dosed cranial window and CBF was recorded by laser-Doppler flowmetry. CCA-O was performed for 5 minutes under normotension and normocapnia (control) and under graded hypotension, hypercapnia and hypocapnia. In the control condition, pial arterial diameter increased rapidly, triggered by CCA-O. It took 12±3 s to reach the maximum of 204±42% of the value before CCA-O, and 60±24 s to become stable at 131±11%. CBF decreased rapidly to 66±11%, then increased reactively to 135±9%, and again decreased to 91±3%. The reactive increase in CBF caused by CCA-O decreased in parallel with the degree of hypotension, and also became barely detectable under hypercapnia. Our data suggest that active vascular dilation in the territory of the occluded artery is important for inducing collateral circulation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (633K) -
Aleksandar Janca, Mohan Isaac1997 年 46 巻 3 号 p. 128-131
発行日: 1997年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーIn spite of an effort to harmonize the latest editions of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), a number of differences between the two classification systems still exist. One of these differences is related to the category of somatoform disorders. The cross-cultural applicability of ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria for somatoform disorders have been explored in the context of the ongoing WHO International Study of Somatoform Disorders. The study demonstrated that the current diagnostic concepts of somatoform disorders are cross-culturally acceptable in spite of the differences in their descriptions and classifications. However, it was found that a number of culture specific symptoms of somatoform disorders which do not appear in ICD-10 and DSM-IV were important and necessary for their diagnosis in specific cultures.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (351K) -
黄 永平, 丸茂 健, 村井 勝1997 年 46 巻 3 号 p. 132-137
発行日: 1997年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーConventional therapy for renal cell carcinoma using interleukin 2 (IL-2) has shown limited antitumor action. The purpose of our study was to investigate synergistic antitumor effects of IL-2 and Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang (XCHT), and to elucidate the mechanisms of interaction between the two drugs against the murine renal cell carcinoma cell line, Renca, in vivo. The treatment was started 5 days after subcutaneous transplantation of Renca tumor. XCHT was given at a dose of 2.5g/kg daily for 30 days orally. IL-2 was given at a dose of 104U/mouse by subcutaneous injection every other day 8 times. Combination of XCHT and IL-2 inhibited growth of the tumor and prolonged survival significantly as compared with the untreated mice. Increased cellular infiltration was observed in tumor tissue and the lungs of mice treated with XCHT alone and by combination of XCHT and IL-2, but there were no histological changes in the liver and kidney. Elevation of serum IL-6 was observed in tumor-bearing mice, but IL-6 was significantly suppressed by administration of XCHT. The results obtained suggest that combination of XCHT and IL-2 induces enhanced immunological reaction in specific organs and tissues, and IL-6 may have a role in the synergistic effect of these two agents. It was concluded that combination of XCHT and IL-2 is useful in the treatment of patients with renal cell carcinoma.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2775K) -
内田 智夫, 鈴木 則宏, 山脇 健盛, 佐久間 正祥1997 年 46 巻 3 号 p. 138-141
発行日: 1997年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーWe report here on a patient with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome who was later diagnosed with Huntington's disease. Consistent with the later diagnosis, a (CAG)n repeat longer than the normal range was observed on chromosome 4p. The presence of these two diseases in the same individual may represent coincidence or a true correlation which must be confirmed by other evidence. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of the concurrent presence of these diseases in the same individual.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2096K) -
Helen M Coley1997 年 46 巻 3 号 p. 142-147
発行日: 1997年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーThe relevance of continuous cell line cultures to the problem of clinical anticancer drug resistance is unclear. There is also mounting scepticism regarding the use of tumour cell lines with in vitro acquired drug resistance, possessing high levels of resistance unlikely to be seen in the clinical setting. To overcome some of these problems we have initiated a study of drug resistance using fresh tumour material obtained from patients suffering from ovarian cancer and soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Studies involving ovarian cancer have involved over 30 specimens of stage III-IV disease. For these samples we have specifically focused on the multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype, examining the role of proteins P-glycoprotein (Pgp), multidrug resistance-protein (MRP) and lung-resistance-associated protein (LRP). Techniques have involved chemosensitivity testing, immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry, to measure Pgp function (drug efflux capacity with modulator reversal). Pgp was the most commonly expressed marker and its expression correlated with survival. MDR modulation using cyclosporins was shown to chemosensitise a proportion of the samples. Hence, in vitro screening can help to identify patients likely to benefit from resistance reversal strategies. Studies involving STS have looked at a combination of MDR and p53 disruption (commonly seen in this disease). Data have been examined alongside clinical data and the course of disease has been closely monitored. Although our studies are ongoing, we have identified a group of patients with aggressive disease showing marked drug resistance in vitro. All patients have relapsed with persistent disease following chemotherapy or radiotherapy. A number of chemoresistant patients showed a combination of p53 disruption in the presence of an MDR phenotype. Feedback from these translational studies should be used to guide the selection of patients for clinical trials using resistance reversal strategies and may suggest new targets for drug development.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (456K)
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