巻号一覧
52 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1～5を表示しています
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Takeshi Miyamoto, Toshio Suda2003 年 52 巻 1 号 p. 1-7
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーOsteoclasts, which are responsible for bone resorption, are rare cells with only 2-3 cells seen per 1mm3 of bone. However, the loss of function in osteoclasts, problems with their differentiation and decrease in their number lead to bone osteosclerosis/osteopetrosis. On the other hand, an increase in their number or function induces bone osteoporosis, indicating that osteoclasts play a pivotal role in bone homeostasis. It has been demonstrated that bone destruction and hypercalcemia induced by metastatic tumors are carried out by osteoclasts activated by the tumor cells, and the inhibition of osteoclast formation prevents the bone destruction and even bone metastasis. Abnormal osteoclast function is closely related to various diseases. Furthermore, osteoclasts are indispensable in forming bone marrow to produce blood cells, and the absence of osteoclasts causes osteopetrosis, resulting in extramedullary hematopoiesis. Although the physiological roles of osteoclasts are well described, the mechanisms of their differentiation remain to be elucidated. Recently, RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB) and its ligand (RANKL) have been identified and their essential roles in osteoclastogenesis have been demonstrated, which has provided new insights into the osteoclast differentiation pathway. We have established an in vitro osteoclast culture system by isolating osteoclast precursor cells and culturing them in the presence of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and soluble RANKL. This system has enabled us to analyze the regulation mechanisms in osteoclast formation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4049K) -
Ken-ichiro Kubo, Kazunori Nakajima2003 年 52 巻 1 号 p. 8-20
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーVarious classes of neurons in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) migrate from their sites of origin to their final positions, where they are arranged in elaborate laminar structures. These precise patterns of neuronal alignment are disrupted in several human diseases and mouse mutants. Among them, reeler, an autosomal recessive mouse mutant discovered half a century ago, has been studied as a valuable material for investigations of neuronal layer formations. Recent identification of a gene mutated in reeler (reelin), and subsequent characterizations of other genes underlying mouse and human brain malformations have rapidly expanded our knowledge of the molecular programs underlying the normal brain layer formation. In this review, we summarize the cellular and molecular mechanisms that establish highly ordered structures in the brain, in particular in the cerebral cortex.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (6590K) -
Ralf Gutwald, Brian Alpert, Rainer Schmelzeisen2003 年 52 巻 1 号 p. 21-24
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーA new internal Mini-Locking-System was tested compared with conventional 2.0 mm Miniplates. Standardised osteotomies in the angular region of 16 human cadaver mandibles were fixed with a 6-hole-plate at the oblique line. Osteosynthesis and stability of fixation was proofed in a three-dimensional in-vitro-model in which functional load was simulated. Comparison of the different osteosynthesis techniques showed that in the case of Miniplate fixation torsion and gapping of the bone fragments occurred following plate application and screw tightening when the plates were pressed onto the bone, so last incongruences between bone surface and plate were transferred to the mobile bone fragments resulting in more extended gaps and torsion. This was only observed to a much lesser extent with the Mini-Locking-System due to the fixation principle avoiding pressure to the bone. During functional loading the Mini-Locking-System showed also a significant higher stability in comparison to conventional Miniplates. Due to the fixation method imitating the principles of a fixateur the screws form together with the plate and the cortical bone a frame construction. Loading forces are transmitted without the need of plate friction directly from bone over the screws to the plate resulting in higher stability.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2689K) -
Masanori Saito, Tetsuhiro Ishida, Makoto Nakamura, Masahiro Ihara, Iku ...2003 年 52 巻 1 号 p. 25-29
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーTo elucidate possible factors affecting the incidence of high-frequency positive occipital sharp transients of sleep (H-POSTS) and to investigate whether H-POSTS are associated with any specific pathophysiological conditions, we visually inspected on consecutive routine diurnal EEGs (2705 records) using our criteria for identification of H-POSTS. H-POSTS were observed in 164 records (subject age: 7.9 to 83.2 years). The incidence of H-POSTS was lower in subjects with highly abnormal EEG findings. Female subjects had a significantly higher incidence of H-POSTS than males that could not be explained by other factors. Patients with either fainting or headache had a significantly higher incidence of H-POSTS and lower grade of EEG abnormality. The precise mechanism of the gender difference in the incidence of H-POSTS could not be determined. The occurrence of H-POSTS seemed to be associated with healthy sleep macrostructure, rather than with any specific pathophysiological phenomena.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (384K) -
Osamu Utsunomiya2003 年 52 巻 1 号 p. 30-37
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーThe workplace is an important field for smoking control, but there are relatively few reports on the current situation of workplace smoking control with the exception of reports from NorthAmerican countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of workplace smoking control programs on the smoking prevalence among Japanese workers. A self-administered questionnaire regarding workplace smoking control programs was sent to 531 workplaces and a total of 315 workplaces returned the questionnaire. The number of employees in the study sample was 57, 051 males and 19, 818 females. The restriction of smoking area and/or time was found to be associated with a 13.1% and 44.5% decrease in smoking prevalence for males and females, respectively. The data were also analyzed, restricting to the workers in manufacturing industry which constituted the largest part of workers, in order to control a possible confounding arising from different characteristics among different industries. Restriction of smoking area and/or smoking time gave the largest effects of 15.4% and 36.2% lower prevalence in males and females, respectively. The differences observed in all female workers combined for individual consultation for smokers were also identified. In conclusion, it is suggested that workplace smoking control programs are effective at lowering the prevalence of workers who smoke.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (603K)
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