巻号一覧
54 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1～5を表示しています
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REVIEWS
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Junichiro Irie, William M. Ridgway2005 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 121-126
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2006/06/20
ジャーナル フリーThe traditional overarching concept of disease pathogenesis entails the natural history of disease, i.e. the concept that any disease is a unified entity from beginning to termination. The concept of the natural history of disease encourages researchers and clinicians alike to conceptualize all clinical signs and symptoms in a patient as manifestations of a single disease process. Our experiences in dissecting the genetic control of autoimmune diseases and autoimmune phenotypes sugges that for many autoimmune processes, an alternative conceptual framework may be more useful. We term this approach a “modular” theory of autoimmunity. “Modules” are distinct, genetically controlled clinical or pathological phenotypes which can interact to construct a disease process. Modules may interact additively, synergistically, or antagonistically in any given individual. Multiple modules can coexist and produce unique disease phenotypes. We illustrate this concept with examples from the murine autoimmune model of type one diabetes, the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (167K) -
Brendan E Boyce, Ping Li, Zhenqiang Yao, Qian Zhang, I. Raul Badell, E ...2005 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 127-131
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2006/06/20
ジャーナル フリーChronic inflammatory bone diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, periodontal disease and aseptic periprosthetic osteolysis, are characterized by bone loss around affected joints and teeth caused by increased osteoclastic bone resorption. This resorption is mediated largely by the increased local production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). These cytokines may induce resorption indirectly by affecting the production of the essential osteoclast differentiation factor, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand, and/or its soluble decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin, by osteoblast/stromal cells or directly by enhancing proliferation and/or activity of cells in the osteoclast lineage. The importance of TNFα in the pathogenesis of various forms of bone loss is supported by both experimental and clinical evidence. However, TNFα is not absolutely required for osteoclastogenesis, erosive arthritis, or osteolysis, as all these events could occur in the absence of TNFα and whether TNFα promotes osteoclast formation independently of RANK signaling is still a topic of debate. Here we review our current understanding of the mechanisms whereby TNFα increases osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (221K) -
Brian M Strem, Kevin C Hicok, Min Zhu, Isabella Wulur, Zeni Alfonso, R ...2005 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 132-141
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2006/06/20
ジャーナル フリーTissue engineering offers considerable promise in the repair or replacement of diseased and/or damaged tissues. The cellular component of this regenerative approach will play a key role in bringing these tissue engineered constructs from the laboratory bench to the clinical bedside. However, the ideal source of cells still remains unclear and may differ depending upon the application. Current research for many applications is focused on the use of adult stem cells. The properties of adult stem cells that make them well-suited for regenerative medicine are (1) ease of harvest for autologous transplantation, (2) high proliferation rates for ex vivo expansion and (3) multilineage differentiation capacity. This review will highligh the use of adipose tissue as a reservoir of adult stem cells and draw conclusions based upon comparisons with bone marrow stromal cells.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (183K) -
Lorraine B. Ware, Julie A. Bastarache, Ling Wang2005 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 142-149
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2006/06/20
ジャーナル フリーAcute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are common, life-threatening causes of acute respiratory failure that arise from a variety of local and systemic insults. The need for new specific therapies has led a number of investigators to examine the role of altered coagulation and fibrinolysis in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS. This review summarizes our current understanding of coagulation and fibrinolysis in human ALI/ARDS with an emphasis on pathways that could be potential therapeutic targets including the tissue factor pathway, the protein C pathway and modulation of fibrinolysis via plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. The available data suggest that clinical ALI and ARDS are characterized by profound alterations in both systemic and intra-alveolar coagulation and fibrinolysis. Fibrin deposition in the airspaces and lung microvasculature likely results from both activation of the coagulation cascade and impaired fibrinolysis, triggered by inflammation. Modulation of fibrin deposition in the lung through targeting activation and modulation of coagulation as well as fibrinolysis may be an important therapeutic target in clinical ALI/ARDS that deserves further exploration.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (169K)
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
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Ryota Deshimaru, Ken Ishitani, Kazuya Makita, Fumi Horiguchi, Shiro No ...2005 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 150-155
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2006/06/20
ジャーナル フリーIn the present study, the fatty acid composition of bone marrow aspirates and serum phospholipids in nine patients with hematologic diseases was investigated, and the effect of fatty acids on osteoblast differentiation in ST2 cells was examined. The concentrations of oleic acid and palmitic acid were significantly higher in bone marrow aspirates than in serum phospholipids, but the concentrations of other fatty acids did not differ. The rate of alkaline phosphatase positive ST2 cells induced by BMP-2 was significantly increased by oleic acid, but was unaffected by the presence or absence of palmitic acid. We conclude that the fatty acid composition of bone marrow aspirates differs from that of serum phospholipids. This difference may affect osteoblast differentiation in the bone marrow microenvironment.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (218K)
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