巻号一覧
48 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の6件中1～6を表示しています
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Ignazio Castagliuolo, J. Thomas LaMont1999 年 48 巻 4 号 p. 169-174
発行日: 1999年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーClostridium difficile infection has become in recent years an important nosocomial threat. Prevention of the spread of C. difficile infection among long term hospitalized patients is a major challenge since C. difficile spores can persist indefinitely in the hospital environment. Following antibiotic therapy that disrupts the normal bacterial flora of the colon, C. difficile can colonize the large intestine. The bacteria releases two large protein toxins that bind to colonocytes and mediate an acute inflammatory diarrhea characterized by an abundant exudate rich in neutrophils and proteins that in some cases can form the typical “pseudomembrane”. C. difficile infection shows a spectrum of severity from asymptomatic carrier to fulminant acute pseudomembranous colitis. The gold standard for the laboratory diagnosis of C. difficile infection is the stool-cytotoxin test, however recently developed immunoassays represent a good alternative. The treatment of C. difficile infection is based on the severity of the clinical picture. In patients with mild diarrhea discontinuation of the causing antibiotic can be an adequate therapeutic approach, whereas patients with more severe symptoms require antibiotic therapy or, in the most severe infections, even colectomy.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (558K) -
Toshio Kajiwara, Keiko Onogi, Hiroyuki Shimizu1999 年 48 巻 4 号 p. 175-178
発行日: 1999年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーThe “Extensor habitus” phenomenon occurs in finger flexor tendon injuries and consists of a paradoxical extension of the interphalangeal joints after an attempt to flex the finger. The mechanism of extension is considered to be a contraction of the flexor digitorum profundus that is then transmitted via the lumbrical muscle structure to the extensor expansion. Using electromyography, we recorded the lumbrical muscle activity during the paradoxical extension phenomenon to determine whether the lumbrical muscle contributed to this event. Two patterns of electromyographical activity of the lumbrical muscle were observed. Group I (6 fingers) displayed electrical activities in the lumbrical muscle during flexion tasks, while group II (12 fingers) did not. In group I, the lesions were mainly located in zone V, and the response to range of motion exercises was satisfactory. In group II, nearly all of the lesion were located in zone II, and half of the cases required additional surgical interventions. Group II appeared to exhibit the “Extensor habitus” phenomenon, while group I exhibited an “Extensor habitus-like phenomenon.” To distinguish between these two phenomena, an electromyographical examination of the lumbrical muscle must be performed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (343K) -
Ken Marumo, Yongping Huang, Masaru Murai1999 年 48 巻 4 号 p. 179-183
発行日: 1999年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーConventional therapy for renal cell carcinoma using interferon (IFN) has shown limited antitumor action. The IFN-loaded silicone formulation (IFN-SF) is a sustained-release formulation of human lymphoblastoid IFN, with a medical grade silicone elastomer used as the carrier material. We evaluated the antitumor effect of IFN-SF on human renal cell carcinoma cell line (KU-2) transplanted to nude mice. The treatment was started when the tumor nodules had grown 6 to 8 mm in diameter. IFN-SF, or an aqueous solution of IFN, was given by subcutaneous or peritumoral injection. Antitumor effects were evaluated according to tumor weights calculated as (long diameter)×(short diameter)2/2 in 7 groups consisting of 6 mice each. Serum IFN levels remained detectable up to 30 days after subcutaneous injection of IFN-SF. IFN-SF administered by the subcutaneous and peritumor route significantly inhibited growth of the tumor when compared with tumor growth in the untreated mice and mice treated with aqueous IFN solution. IFN-SF had equivalent inhibitory effects on tumor growth by peritumor and subcutaneous injection. Results indicated that the use of IFN-SF could reduce the frequency of injections and provide better treatment of patients with renal cell carcinoma because of its long-acting effect when it is used systemically.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3708K) -
David W. Crabb1999 年 48 巻 4 号 p. 184-188
発行日: 1999年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーThe understanding of how alcohol damages the liver has expanded substantially over the last decade. In particular, the genetics of alcoholism, the genesis of fatty liver, the role of oxidant stress, interactions between endotoxin and the Kupffer cell, and the factors that control activation of the hepatic stellate cell (HSC) have been the focus of a great deal of research. Genetic mechanisms for increasing the risk of alcoholism include alterations in alcohol metabolizing enzymes as well as neurobiological differences between individuals. The development of fatty liver may involve both redox forces, oxidative stress, and alterations in peroxisome proliferator activated receptor function. Oxidative stress is now known to involve both microsomal and mitochondrial systems. Recent studies implicate stimulation of Kupffer cells by portal vein endotoxin as a cause of release of cytokines and chemokines, hepatocyte hyper-metabolism, and activation of HSC. These actions appear to be in part gender-dependent and may explain the susceptibility of women to alcoholic liver disease. Activation of HSC underlies liver fibrosis and cirrhosis of all types; control of this activation might permit control of the progression of fibrosis. These advances suggest a number of new approaches as therapy for alcoholic liver injury.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (479K) -
Mario Sanna, Giuseppe De Donato, Abdelkader Taibah, Alessanbra Russo, ...1999 年 48 巻 4 号 p. 189-200
発行日: 1999年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーThe infra-temporal fossa approach is one of the lateral approaches to the skull base. It is indicated for the treatment of tumors such as glomus tumor, petrous apex cholesteatoma, chondroma, lower cranial nerve neuroma and nasopharyngeal cancer. In the present paper, we described the surgical anatomy of the lateral skull base and the indications for the infra-temporal fossa approach with its variants. We showed the hints and pitfalls in the procedures. Five illustrative cases are also presented.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (19952K) -
Yoichi Kanakura, Kunio Kometani, Tetsuro Nagata, Kuniaki Niwa1999 年 48 巻 4 号 p. 201-203
発行日: 1999年
公開日: 2009/03/27
ジャーナル フリーIn the period between 1990-1995, six women with complete septate uterus presented to our clinic and underwent uterine reconstruction using our own unique procedure, a method we independently developed using the Jones & Jones procedure and the Thompkins procedure for reference. Five of these 6 cases later became pregnant, and to date, they have given birth to 7 newborns. Because of a very high rate of successful postoperative pregnancy, we were convinced that uterine reconstruction is useful for complete septate uterus.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (212K)
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