巻号一覧
50 巻, 4 号
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Yasunori Yoshimura2001 年 50 巻 4 号 p. 211-212
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2009/06/16
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (152K) -
Hiroaki Ohta, Shiro Nozawa2001 年 50 巻 4 号 p. 213-216
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2009/06/16
ジャーナル フリーCytopathology is now regarded as an important tool for detecting cancer, especially uterine cervical cancer. There was, however, a hard way to acquire the current status. This technique, the diagnosis of cancer by light microscopic examination of exfoliated cells, was first established by Dr. Papanicolaou in the 1940's. For spreading this technique and acknowledgement of this clinical field by conservative pathologists, many doctors including Dr. Kurihara, Professor emeritus of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, have made efforts for about fifty years. Dr. Kurihara and his colleagues made a clinical study and revealed the natural history of uterine cervical cancer from dysplastic lesions. Based on these results, he supported the establishment of the new screening system for uterine cervical cancer, “Tohbo-Hoshiki”, which is now widely employed in Japan. This system has played an important role to decrease the mortality from uterine cervical cancer. Dr. Kurihara is one of the founders of the Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology, which has played a central role in the development of cytologic diagnosis in Japan, and he also contributed to bring up many gynecologic oncologists specializing in cytopathology and the treatment of cancer. Although remarkable progress has been made in computer-related technology and the automation of cytologic diagnosis is no longer a dream, the results of the untiring efforts of Dr. Kurihara and his colleagues will continue to play an instrumental role in the future advancement of cytologic diagnosis.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1716K) -
Kou Sueoka2001 年 50 巻 4 号 p. 217-224
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2009/06/16
ジャーナル フリーRihachi lizuka has contributed strong leadership for the remarkable development of re-productive medicine which has undergone a complete transformation in the previous half century. The Keio University Hospital introduced artificial insemination as the first assisted reproductive technology in Japan. As it follows, lizuka and his colleagues first reported the live birth of a female infant in Au-gust 1949 after heterologous insemination: AID. lizuka and his colleagues were also among the first to successfully inseminate a woman with sperm that had been frozen. He developed the new cryopreser-vation medium for human semen called “KS Cryo-medium”. He also developed semen preparation methods of washing and concentrating sperm counts by centrifugation with Percoll (colloidal silica derivative) solution for oligozoospermic patients. These methods are broadly used in the clinical field. Furthermore, he developed the X-, Y-bearing sperm preseparation method using Percoll which is the so-called “gender selection” procedure for preventing X-linked genetic disorders. The most strik-ing assisted reproductive technology was in vitro fertilization first carried out in Britain. Prior to the clinical application in Japan, the Japan Society of Fertilization and Implantation was established as the main organ for the exchange of official scientific information by lizuka in 1982. As rapid development and spreading of in vitro fertilization and its implicated technologies, lizuka and his colleague of the department had the first success of offspring following embryo freezing and thawing in Japan which was performed at the Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital. Already the numbers of off-spring following in vitro fertilization treatment has risen to approximately 1% of births in Japan. Rihachi Iizuka still undertakes the responsibility for reproductive medicine as he has done so far.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3814K) -
Tanja Meriluoto, Maria Halonen, Markku Pelto-Huikko, Hannele Kangas, J ...2001 年 50 巻 4 号 p. 225-239
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2009/06/16
ジャーナル フリーAutoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is an autoimmune disease with autosomal recessive inheritance. APECED is characterized by the break-down of tolerance to several organ-specific selfantigens. The symptoms of APECED fall into three main categories: autoimmune polyendocrinopathies, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, and ecto-dermal dystrophies. The gene defective in APECED, AIRE, has been cloned and numerous mutations in this gene have been found in patients with APECED. AIRE is predicted to encode a 545-amino-acid protein containing structural domains characteristic for transcription regulators. The protein has been shown to act as a transcriptional activator in vitro. The AIRE protein is mainly localized to the nucleus, where it can be detected as speckles resembling nuclear bodies. In humans, the expression of AIRE has been observed predominantly in immunologically relevant tissues, especially the thymus. Recently, we have shown in the mouse that Aire is also expressed in various tissues and cell types outside the immune system.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5451K) -
Yasuo Takeda, Yoshinori Murakami, Hiroaki Asou, Keiichi Uyemura2001 年 50 巻 4 号 p. 240-248
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2009/06/16
ジャーナル フリーSeveral cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IGSF) are expressed differently during the development and myelination of the peripheral nervous system. To examine the relationship between the expression of IGSF molecules and Schwann cell differentiation, we established a useful system for myelin formation in vitro on collagen gel using primary neuron/Schwann cell cocultures from neonatal dorsal root ganglions (DRG). At 10 days in vitro (DIV), many Schwann cells were found in the areas surrounding aggregates of DRG neurons. After 20 DIV, Schwann cells posi-tioned next to axons and elongated their processes along the axons. Some of them started loosely elaborating a large axon. Under electron microscopy, compact myelin was shown to be formed at 30 DIV. Thus the speed of myelination was much slower in vitro than in vivo. In co-cultures, L1 and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) were detected at the premyelinating stage, L1 was precisely expressed earlier than NCAM. Expression of myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) was transiently up-regulated at the early stage of myelination, and then P0 expression was finally increased as myeli-nation proceeded. The change of expression pattern of these molecules in co-cultures was quite similar to that observed in the development in vivo. When Schwann cell proliferation was blocked by low serum culture condition, Ll and NCAM expressions were up-regulated. In contrast, the presence of cholera toxin in low serum media markedly increased expressions of P0 and MAG, but decreased the levels of both Ll and NCAM. These results suggest that both Ll and NCAM play roles in the contact and/or recognition between axons and Schwann cells at an early stage of myelination. On the other hand, MAC and P0 are important for axon ensheathment and myelin compaction.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4034K) -
Wolf-Dieter Heiss2001 年 50 巻 4 号 p. 249-256
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2009/06/16
ジャーナル フリーActive treatment of acute ischemic stroke can only be successful as long as tissue in the area of ischemic compromise is still viable. Therefore, the identification of the area of irreversible damage, and its distinction from the penumbral zone, i.e., tissue with impaired function but preserved mor-phology, may improve the estimation of the potential efficacy of various therapeutic strategies. This can be achieved by multi-tracer positron emission tomography (PET), perfusion-weighted and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in experimental models. Neuroimaging modalities applied in patients with acute ischemic stroke cannot reliably identify penumbra tissue and detect irreversible damage in the first hours after stroke, when treatment must be initiated to have the potential for success: multitracer studies for the assessment of flow and irreversible metabolic damage usually are limited in the clinical setting, and arterial blood sampling necessary for quantitative determinations is prohibited under certain circumstances, e.g., when thrombolysis is planned. The range of the penumbra can be assessed by combining determinations of flow and benzodiazepine receptor binding by PET of H215O and 11C-flumazenil (FMZ) and relating flow values and FMZ binding to the final state of the tissue. By this approach, cumulative probability curves can be computed to predict eventual infarction or non-infarction and to define the penumbral range. The computed values are in good agreement with results from other studies proving the validity of the concept of the penumbra which was also demonstrated in several therapeutic studies in which thrombolytic treatment reversed critical ischemia and decreased the volume of the final infarcts. Such neuroimaging findings might serve as surrogate targets in the se-lection of other therapeutic strategies for large clinical trials.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4554K) -
Masajiro Ohashi, Yasuhiro Hosoda, Yasuo Fujishiro, Akira Tuyuki, Kiyos ...2001 年 50 巻 4 号 p. 257-262
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2009/06/16
ジャーナル フリーThe present study attempts to better understand the mechanism of injuries associated with direct lightning strikes. We reviewed the records of 256 individuals struck by lightning between 1965 and 1999, including 56 people who were killed. Basal skull fracture, intracranial haemorrhage, pulmo-nary haemorrhage, or solid organ rupture was suspected in three men who died. Generally these lesions have been attributed to current flow or falling after being struck. However, examination of surface injuries sustained suggested that the true cause was concussion secondary to blast injury resulting from vaporization of water on the body surface by a surface flashover spark. To investigate this hypothesis, an experimental model of a lightning strike was created in the rat. Saline-soaked blot-ting paper was used to simulate wet clothing or skin, and an artificial lightning impulse was applied. The resultant lesions were consistent with our hypothesis that the blast was reinforced by the con-cussive effect of water vaporization. The concordance between the clinical and experimental evidence argues strongly for blast injury as an important source of morbidity and mortality in lightning strikes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4121K) -
Takashi Ohida, AMM Kamal, Shinji Takemura, Tomofumi Sone, Yumiko Mochi ...2001 年 50 巻 4 号 p. 263-268
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2009/06/16
ジャーナル フリーAlthough the smoking prevalence among women is significantly low compared to that among men in Japan, the prevalence in young Japanese women has been steadily increasing recently. The relationship between the prevalence of smoking among the general population and various social factors was investigated with a special emphasis regarding the influence of household size on the smoking prevalence of young Japanese women. Thirty-one thousand and six hundreds twenty-seven subjects of 20 years and older were randomly selected from the general population of Japan. The Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan planned and conducted the survey. Subjects were divided into male and female, and smoking prevalence was investigated in terms of age, place of residence, occupation and household size factors. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. Multiple logistic regression analyses suggested that for men there was a strong relationship between becoming a smoker and living in a municipality with a smaller population, and that for women who were living in a municipality with a larger population. For women, as the size of a household increased from living alone to a two- or three-generation household, the tendency to becoming a smoker decreased, but this tendency was not observed among men. As to reasons for quitting smoking, more women than men living in two- and three-generation households gave “family's advice” as a major reason (p<0.01). The steady replacement of the traditional three-generation household by smaller households in Japan may lead to an increase in the number of young women who smoke.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (521K) -
Helmut Kerl, Regina Fink-Puches, Lorenzo Cerroni2001 年 50 巻 4 号 p. 269-273
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2009/06/16
ジャーナル フリーPrimary B-cell lymphomas of the skin are defined as malignant B-cell proliferations pre-senting with cutaneous involvement alone and no evidence of extracutaneous manifestations over a period of at least six months when complete staging has been performed. The major subtypes are fol-licle center-cell lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma and large B-cell lymphoma of the leg (EORTC classification 1997). Primary B-cell lymphomas of the skin differ significantly from nodal lymphomas especially with respect to their clinical behavior. Pseudolymphomas of the skin are inflammatory dis-eases that simulate malignant lymphomas either clinically, histopathologically, or both. Particular pseudolymphomas may mimic cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. The most important examples are: lym-phomatoid drug reactions, lymphocytoma (borrelia burgdorferi as causative agent), arthropod reac-tions, pseudolymphomas associated with vaccinations or tattoos and inflammatory pseudotumors. In recent years, new immunohistological and molecular techniques have added important criteria for the differentiation of cutaneous lymphomas from pseudolymphomas.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4813K) -
Thomas E. Kottke, Lambert A. Wu2001 年 50 巻 4 号 p. 274-279
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2009/06/16
ジャーナル フリーThe steady decline in cardiovascular disease mortality in America appears to have been caused to a significant extent by a change in lifestyle behaviors. Between 1960 and 1990, smoking and dietary saturated fat declined, serum cholesterol declined and blood pressure control improved. More recently, however, a number of concerning trends have been observed. Smoking by youth and young adults has increased; the prevalence of obesity and diabetes have increased in association with a decline in physical activity; and, hypertension control has deteriorated. A study of myocardial infarction rates in four communities suggests that the decline in coronary heart disease events may have stopped.
Effective interventions exist for the control of all behavioral risk factors. Therefore, CardioVision 2020 has been organized in Olmsted County, Minnesota to minimize cardiovascular disease rates and associated costs. The goal of CardioVision 2020 is to make Olmsted County the healthiest county in the nation by the year 2020 by creating an environment that will help individuals achieve personal dietary, smoke-free, physical activity, blood pressure, and cholesterol goals.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (558K)
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