ソシオロジ
Online ISSN : 2188-9406
Print ISSN : 0584-1380
ISSN-L : 0584-1380
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37 巻, 1 号
通巻　114号
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論文
  • パーク社会学と人種・民族研究
    寺岡 伸吾
    1992 年 37 巻 1 号 p. 3-20,116
    発行日: 1992/05/31
    公開日: 2017/02/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14959/soshioroji.37.1_3
    ジャーナル フリー
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    　Researches on race and ethnicity become more and more popular in recent years. However, the achievements of R.E. Park, who is one of the most important scholars in this field, are less referred to.
    　This is partly because critics have taken his researches to be lacking of systematic theory, and partly because they categorized him as "an assimilationist".
    　In this article, I show his dialectic system of thought, which characterizes his sociology. Then I introduce his research on "immigrant institution", and put it into his general theoretical system. And after critical appraisal and reformuration of his "race relation cycle", I briefly reexamine and summarize his theory and study on race and ethnicty.
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  • 社会移動と社会的ネットワーク
    キャンベラにおける検証
    野辺 政雄
    1992 年 37 巻 1 号 p. 21-44,116
    発行日: 1992/05/31
    公開日: 2017/02/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14959/soshioroji.37.1_21
    ジャーナル フリー
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    　This paper reports a study that investigated effects of occupational mobility on social networks and social support. To gather empirical evidence, a sample survey of women in four study areas of Canberra, Australia was conducted in 1986-1987. Examination of the social context in Canberra led to the hypothesis that downward mobility would tend to have a disruptive influence on interpersonal relationships. This hypothesis guided the data analysis.
    　Substantial differences in social relationships were not found according to the categories of occupational status of origin. Furthermore，status of destination only affected some specific types of social relationships (i.e.，frequency of contact with relatives and friends，t he total frequency of contact，and the availability of support from relatives and neighbours). When these two status variables were controlled for，mobility effects were detected in some specific types of social relationships. While extreme upward mobility increased frequency of contact with relatives，extreme downward mobility decreased it. In addition， upward mobility and extreme downward mobility decreased the availability of support from neighbours.
    　The findings regarding the effects of social mobility does not support the social context hypothesis. However，this does not mean that mobility effects are absent.Rather，the findings lead us to the alternative hypothesis that because there is an arrower choice of kinship and neighbourhood ties than friendship ties，occupational mobility would tend to have a more disruptive influence on the former two relationships.Whether this hypothesis is correct or not should be the subject of future research.
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  • 社会階層と「自己－指令的」態度の形成
    吉川 徹
    1992 年 37 巻 1 号 p. 45-60,114
    発行日: 1992/05/31
    公開日: 2017/02/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14959/soshioroji.37.1_45
    ジャーナル フリー
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    　M. Kohn and his colleague have been analyzing complicated relationships between work and personality for more than twenty years. He insists that "the essence of higher class position is that one's decisions and actions can be consequential; the essence of lower class position is that one is at the mercy of forces and people beyond one's control, often beyond one's understanding." Higher class position means relatively higher occupational self-direction and promotes self-directedness of personality; on the other hand, the lower class position's occupational conditions force people to conform to external authority.
    　In this paper, I re-examine part of the studies, "Work and Personality", using Japanese men's data which was collected in 1979. I focus on three different components of self-directed personality, 1 ) authoritarian conservatism, 2 ) idea-conformity and 3 ) self-esteem. Then I re-confirm significant relationships between social stratificaion and these three attitudes. In order to examine direct causalities of related social factors, I introduce social background variables, which have been ignored or treated as control variables in almost all previous studies; father's occupational prestige and education, urbanness of respondent's hometown, age and education of respondent. Then the coefficient between social stratification and attitudes is divided into direct or indirect causes as follows;
    　1 ) Respondent's education and aging have effects on their ideational flexibility.　By these effects, high education reduces authoritarian conservatism, while aged people tend to be more authoritarian.
    　2 ) Urbanness of one's hometown directly influences idea-conformity, but social stratification does not have a significant direct effect on idea-conformity.
    　3 ) Occupational prestige of present job and aging have positive direct effects on self-esteem.
    　These findings match S. Lipset's discussion about blue-collar workers' authoritarianism. And they also suggest important hypotheses about the relationships between personality and social structural factors in Japan.
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