ソシオロジ
Online ISSN : 2188-9406
Print ISSN : 0584-1380
ISSN-L : 0584-1380
57 巻, 3 号
通巻 176号
選択された号の論文の15件中1~15を表示しています
論文
  • アイルランドにおける農村アクセス問題をめぐって
    北島 義和
    2013 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 3-19,198
    発行日: 2013/02/28
    公開日: 2015/05/13
    ジャーナル フリー
     Many rural areas in Europe have experienced countryside access issues since the1980s, namely, conflict over land between its legal owners (often farmers) and people using the land for recreational purposes. Without legal access rights for the public, recreational users have dialogues to elicit goodwill from landowners. However, open public access involves many uncertainties, so it is difficult to forge trust, particularly “generalized trust” on the side of landowners. Creating a system controlling public access to reduce such uncertainties could be effective, but it may not function effectively for different reasons. This paper explores countryside access issues for walking activities in the Republic of Ireland, where there are no legal access rights for the public. The Irish government has experienced difficulties in solving access issues by either dialogue or with a system because of the problems described above. With a case study of an area experiencing access problems, the paper shows that similar difficulties are experienced at local level and national level. However, possibilities for public access through the practice of local farmers for their land are clarified. Farmers regard themselves as the temporal owner of their land in terms of family ownership, and feel unable to stop walkers. At the same time, however, they use this logic when obstructing walkers. For them, it is vital to passon properly managed land to the next generation. The paper explores this way of opening natural resources using Arendt’s concepts, applying “work” and “action” to system and dialogue in countryside access issues. Her concept of “labor” can be applied to farmers’ practices. However, “the world” made by this “labor” contains ambivalence, and both the willingness and non-willingness of the farmers to accept walkers arise there.
  • 「性=人格」議論とゴフマンの社会学
    横山 麻衣
    2013 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 21-37,197
    発行日: 2013/02/28
    公開日: 2015/05/13
    ジャーナル フリー
     The meaning of the statement, “sexual assault disintegrates personality” wasinvestigated from the perspective of Goffman’s sociology. Psychological and psychiatric studies have indicated that survivors of sexual assaulttend to suffer trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The effects of socialnorms on the survivors of sexual assault have also been discussed sociological studies.In societies that have male-dominated sexual norms, women suffering sexual assaulttend to be stigmatized. Some sociologists have argued that behind such negativeperspectives, there is a “sexuality-personality principle,” a norm that associates sexualitywith the personality; if this connection is broken, the survivors can be relieved of theirtrauma. Others have argued that sexual assault actually disintegrates the personality,and maintaining and reinforcing a “sexuality-personality principle” is important in orderto resist sexual assault. The discussion of the validity of identifying sexuality withpersonality was named as an argument about “sexuality-personality” in the presentstudy. However, this argument is an insufficient means of resisting sexual assault, and itcould trivialize survivors’ problems. This study focused on the stigma of the survivors ofsexual assault and examined the meaning of the statement, “sexual assault disintegratespersonality” from a sociological perspective. The results indicated that this statementimplies that sexual assault inevitably makes the social relationships of the survivorsunstable and continues to demand changes which put the survivors in uncomfortablesurround.
  • ウェブの普及過程における規定構造の変化から
    樋口 耕一
    2013 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 39-55,196
    発行日: 2013/02/28
    公開日: 2015/05/13
    ジャーナル フリー
     This paper investigates the effect of the wealth factor in Japan on the adoption of ICT innovations such as the World Wide Web. Diffusion studies suggest that wealth and attitudes are both important determinants of interactive communication technology adoption. However, little is known about which has a stronger effect, and at what point wealth shows a relatively strong effect in the diffusion process. To answer these questions, the author conducted an exploratory analysis of data from nationwide surveys (JIS2001 and JIS2004). The results indicate the following: (i) Education rather than wealth has a remarkably strong effect on adoption likelihood in the early stage of diffusion. Highly educated people have an understanding of information manipulation on the WWW, and tend to evaluate such information-related behavior positively. It is clear that education encourages individuals to adopt the WWW by engendering a positive attitude toward sit. (ii) As diffusion proceeds, the effect of wealth becomes relatively stronger, although it is never as strong as the education effect in the early stage. (iii) The more people that adopt the WWW, the wider the difference in usage between light and heavy users. Females tend to be light users, and have both positive evaluations of the convenience of the WWW and negative thoughts such as fear of crimes or other trouble. On the other hand, males, who typically have an enthusiastic attitude towards technologies, tend to be heavy users. The author concludes that wealth has a very limited effect on adoption throughout the diffusion process of ICT. Differences in attitude have a stronger effect on both the initial adoption and the amount of usage.
  • 若者論のメタ的再構成から再聖化―再魔術化論へ
    寺崎 正啓
    2013 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 57-72,195
    発行日: 2013/02/28
    公開日: 2015/05/13
    ジャーナル フリー
     The purpose of this paper is to consider youth and apathy in contemporary society, particularly the so-called unsociable youth such as freeters, NEETs and hikikomori. This article aims to challenge conventional attitudes about such youths by reconsidering apathy. This article discusses three points. Firstly, the question of identity: Early discussions about apathy were insufficient because of optimistic indifference about identity. The relationship between apathy and identity crisis is reconsidered here. Secondly, the paper discusses self-actualization and re-sacralization. Effects of an ideology of self-actualization on today’s youth are discussed with reference to arguments about cult of personality. Thirdly, in discussions about disenchantment and re-enchantment, the focus is on conflicts around diversity and the legitimacy of narratives that individuals depend on. The paper reveals apathy around today’s youth in parallel with processes of social weakening and strengthening individuality. Clarification of apparently unprofitable conflicts around the legitimacy of several narratives will recast views on apathy.
  • 「妊婦中心の健診」と助産師教育・卒後研修にみる女性の抵抗の限界
    大淵 裕美
    2013 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 73-89,194
    発行日: 2013/02/28
    公開日: 2015/05/13
    ジャーナル フリー
     This paper examines the theory related to the medicalization of childbirth by focusing on the interaction between medical institutions and pregnant women. Drawing upon the work of Claudine Burton-Jeangros (2011), as well as based on in-depth interviews with26 women who have recently given birth and 11 midwives in Japan, I attempt to show how medical surveillance is achieved by the midwifery system and how difficult it is for individual women to resist the surveillance. Surveillance is achieved through the following techniques. First, unlike medical doctors, a midwife can become more familiar with a pregnant woman because they are both female. Second, midwives get the family (husbands and older children) to carefully monitor the woman’s health and dietary practices and make them suitable agents to the midwives. Finally, exam questions under the system of national certification in midwifery education are solicited from midwives who conduct pregnant women’s checkups. In this system, the more the pregnant woman confesses her distress and dissatisfaction to the midwife, the more accurate the surveillance becomes. Therefore, it can be concluded that prenatal checkups by midwives are a tool for medicalization rather than for de-medicalization of childbirth.
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