ソシオロジ
Online ISSN : 2188-9406
Print ISSN : 0584-1380
ISSN-L : 0584-1380
検索
詳細検索
OR
閲覧
検索
46 巻, 2 号
通巻　142号
選択された号の論文の13件中1～13を表示しています
すべての抄録を表示する
    • |<
    • <
    • 1
    • >
    • >|
論文
  • ナショナリズム理論の批判的検討
    国際的要因を組み込むアプローチの構築に向けて
    猿谷 弘江
    2001 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 3-19,162
    発行日: 2001/10/31
    公開日: 2016/11/02
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14959/soshioroji.46.2_3
    ジャーナル フリー
    抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする
    　This paper examines theories of nationalism, especially ones developed from 1945 to 1980s, aiming for an effective approach that incorporates international factors systematically in analyzing nationalism. It appears that not many scholars have successfully theorized nationalism since not a few of them, in particular whose discipline is sociology, have not orderly related domestic factors with international factors.
    　The first chapter will show four stages of the development of nationalism studies and depict characters of each stage briefly. The second chapter will argue three dispositions of the previous literature which will prevent effective analyses of nationalism. The third chapter, finally, will discuss three levels of international context to be considered in accounting nationalism.
    　The previous studies likely have three malign dispositions as follows: first, to make topology nations and nationalism, and second, to create a dispute between modernism and a historic view of Anthony D. Smith where there are fewer opposing points between both parties than discussed. It can be said that these two tendencies will lead scholars to investigate into nationalism heavily focusing on internal factors.
    　However, not all the researchers in this field have taken a framework of nationstate for granted and considered just domestic factors. For example, John Meyer argues the expansion of standardized nation-states that are embedded in the world polity. Benedict Anderson explains the mechanisms of imagined national communities focusing on institutions that do not root in the given territories. Liah Greenfeld discusses the development of national identities among intellectuals with an international view. The three theories indicate macro, middle and micro levels of international context that will be helpful for researchers to approach nationalism with taking into account international factors.
    抄録全体を表示
    PDF形式でダウンロード (2439K)
  • 紛争後社会の再生
    南アフリカの事例から
    阿部 利洋
    2001 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 21-36,161
    発行日: 2001/10/31
    公開日: 2016/11/02
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14959/soshioroji.46.2_21
    ジャーナル フリー
    抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする
    　Over the last two decades, there have been several cases to resolve ethnic/national conflicts without retributions. Some people call the attempts 'Restorative Justice'. Among them, South African case since 1995 has been widely accepted as which traces of a new dimension of conflict management. This article focuses on the public victim hearings held by Human Rights Violation Committee of Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa (TRC).
    　TRC seems to have been appreciated for its notices of a political manipulation and consideration for individual memories. And sometimes, the latter may acquire the full agreements for the entire account to silent majority. However, an actual process to produce public statement has several stages of removing really personal memories.As a consequence, victim statements share a certain kind of common tendency. From M. Foucault's viewpoint of 'production of discourses' which works through people's confession, a position occupied by TRC Committee could show its character as a device makes people national subject. On the other hand, I question the evaluation on TRC as a power device. It is examined in considering committee's deeds?excessive grace?and the fact that almost half of the witnesses are agent of dead victims.
    　Moreover, I make an account of victim statements further, citing Charles Taylor's notion of 'the Politics of Recognition'. Usually, we tend to think that reconciliation take place through rational debate among the peoples concerned with an affair. Now I must make clear my notice not to neglect the needs and possibilities of reconciliation of that kind. But what Taylor's analysis tells is that identity politics might be not necessarily restricted in present people's interests. I suppose the depersonalized elements on TRC's victim statements would also function for white descendants on opposed side as they re-concider their identity.
    抄録全体を表示
    PDF形式でダウンロード (2416K)
  • 九〇年代における既婚女性の就業と収入格差
    村上 あかね
    2001 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 37-55,160
    発行日: 2001/10/31
    公開日: 2016/11/02
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14959/soshioroji.46.2_37
    ジャーナル フリー
    抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする
    　The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between wives' socioeconomic contributions to the family and income differentials between households using data from the 1995 Social Stratification and Social Mobility (SSM) Survey. We compared the median income for husband/household income within the same (husbands') occupational group, and for wife/husband/household income among different occupational groups.
    　The findings are as follows: (1) the median income of husbands with working wives is lower than that of husband with non-working wives ("Douglas-Arisawa's Law"; (2) The wives' labor force-participation makes the household income with working-wives makes larger than that of income with non-working wives; (3) The addition of wives' incomes to the family provides a functional substitute for the rise in earnings that might result from upward occupational mobility of the husband. These findings coincide with those of a study previously conducted in America. Other outstanding findings are as follows: (4) There is a large disparity between the income of households with professional or managerial husbands and that of others; (5) For husband-wife families in their 50s, the labor-force participation of wives equalizes the income differentials between households, whereas in younger families, some women married to high-earning men have a propensity to work, which increases the income differentials. That is, "Douglas-Arisawa's Law" has gradually weakened. Among the younger generation, wives' labor-force participation has an enlarging effect on the income differential within households. Hence, if wives' labor-force participation increases and other conditions are constant, income inequality may increase.
    　The difference in income between wife and husband is large. However, this empirical evidence suggests the importance of income inequality among women.
    抄録全体を表示
    PDF形式でダウンロード (2523K)
  • 不断に再生産される組織
    コミュニケーションを軸とした組織概念の再考
    竹中 克久
    2001 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 57-72,159
    発行日: 2001/10/31
    公開日: 2016/11/02
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14959/soshioroji.46.2_57
    ジャーナル フリー
    抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする
    　In this paper, I reconsider well-established ideas in the sociology of organization, "organizational sub-concepts" (organizational goals, organizational structures, organizational strategies, and organizational cultures) as well as a concept "organization" itself.
    　Because they are concerned so centrally in traditional theories of organization, scientists tend to reify "organizational sub-concepts" by artificial process of find-andname. They conceive "concept" as though it were objective "thing." Accordingly, their studies of organization overemphasize a static aspect of organization and see little interest in its dynamic aspect.
    　To criticize their proclivity, I introduce a fresh theory that emphasizes the importance of communication made by participants in organization. Since communication is fundamentally a dynamic process, my theory is perceptive to not only the participants' viewpoint, but also to "organizing," that is, an ongoing process of making organization.
    　In conclusion, I propose that "organizational sub-concepts" should be reconfigured as non-objective "symbolic communicational media" utilized by the participants. These media, functioning as an operational principle, enable the participants to cooperate each other effectively. Furthermore, for their function is principally pragmatic tool for communication, any of the "organizational sub-concepts" is exchangeable, as one "sub-concept" can substitute for another. Therefore, it is erroneous to suppose that an organization should require all the "sub-concepts " for its existence. Nevertheless, discerning the differing extent of symbolization, I also identify the differences among the "sub-concepts."
    　With this new perspective, my theory shall provide a better insight of the organizational phenomena that traditional theories have been inadequate to explain.
    抄録全体を表示
    PDF形式でダウンロード (2352K)
  • Ｅ・ゴフマンのパフォーマンス
    初期著作における演劇論的アプローチの検討
    樋口 昌彦
    2001 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 73-88,158
    発行日: 2001/10/31
    公開日: 2016/11/02
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14959/soshioroji.46.2_73
    ジャーナル フリー
    抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする
    　This paper intends to point out some characteristics of Goffman's social theory in his early texts.
    　The texts analyzed here are:
    (A) "Communication Conduct in an Island Community", (PhD Dissertation, Universi ty of Chicago, 1953),
    (B) The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (University of Edinburgh Social Sciences Research Centre, Monograph No.2, 1956) , and
    (C) The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (New York, Doubleday Anchor, 1959).
    　All of these early texts deal with our performances in everyday life. An analysis of these texts shows that there are three steps to the completion of the Goffman's dramaturgy. Firstly, the subject of 'seeing' in everyday life led to an idea of dramaturgy based on the fact that people are always seen (text (A) ). Secondly, Goffman constructed a model of dramaturgy containing such elements as 'performer', 'audience', and 'mutual monitoring' (text (B) ). Thirdly, he added a large number of various, rhetorically attractive episodes to reinforce his study (text (C) ).
    　The most remarkable feature in the above steps lies in the third step. What does the addition of so many characteristic episodes after constructing the model mean? It implies that Goffman is not just presenting his theory of performances, but that he is performing it. The excellence of his theory is not only in the content of the study, but also in the way he presented it.
    　Goffman studied the performances and performed his study. It enables us to comprehend our performances in everyday life to a great extent, and it is one of the chief characteristics of Goffman's social theory in his early texts.
    抄録全体を表示
    PDF形式でダウンロード (2204K)
研究ノート
DOING SOCIOLOGY
視点
書評
    • |<
    • <
    • 1
    • >
    • >|
feedback
 Top