Joint Special Section on Opto-electronics and Communications for Future Optical Network
-
Kiichi HAMAMOTO
2017 年 E100.C 巻 10 号 p.
749
発行日: 2017/10/01
公開日: 2017/10/01
ジャーナル
フリー
-
Kengo NOZAKI, Shinji MATSUO, Koji TAKEDA, Takuro FUJII, Masaaki ONO, A ...
原稿種別: INVITED PAPER
2017 年 E100.C 巻 10 号 p.
750-758
発行日: 2017/10/01
公開日: 2017/10/01
ジャーナル
フリー
An ultra-compact InGaAs photodetector (PD) is demonstrated based on a photonic crystal (PhC) waveguide to meet the demand for a photoreceiver for future dense photonic integration. Although the PhC-PD has a length of only 1.7µm and a capacitance of less than 1fF, a high responsivity of 1A/W was observed both theoretically and experimentally. This low capacitance PD allows us to expect a resistor-loaded receiver to be realized that requires no electrical amplifiers. We fabricated a resistor-loaded PhC-PD for light-to-voltage conversion, and demonstrated a kV/W efficiency with a GHz bandwidth without using amplifiers. This will lead to a photoreceiver with an ultralow energy consumption of less than 1fJ/bit, which is a step along the road to achieving a dense photonic network and processor on a chip.
抄録全体を表示
-
Wataru KOBAYASHI, Naoki FUJIWARA, Takahiko SHINDO, Yoshitaka OHISO, Sh ...
原稿種別: INVITED PAPER
2017 年 E100.C 巻 10 号 p.
759-766
発行日: 2017/10/01
公開日: 2017/10/01
ジャーナル
フリー
We propose a novel structure that can reduce the power consumption and extend the transmission distance of an electro-absorption modulator integrated with a DFB (EADFB) laser. To overcome the trade-off relationship of the optical loss and chirp parameter of the EA modulator, we integrate a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) with an EADFB laser. With the proposed SOA assisted extended reach EADFB laser (AXEL) structure, the LD and SOA sections are operated by an electrically connected input port. We describe a design for AXEL that optimizes the LD and SOA length ratio when their total operation current is 80mA. By using the designed AXEL, the power consumption of a 10-Gbit/s, 1.55-µm EADFB laser is reduced by 1/2 and at the same time the transmission distance is extended from 80 to 100km.
抄録全体を表示
-
Keita SUZUKI, Tomoki HIRAYAMA, Yasuo KOKUBUN, Taro ARAKAWA
原稿種別: PAPER
2017 年 E100.C 巻 10 号 p.
767-774
発行日: 2017/10/01
公開日: 2017/10/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
We proposed and theoretically discussed a polarization switch based on a multiple quantum well (MQW) microring resonator (MRR) with an L-shaped waveguide as a dynamic polarization control device. The L-shaped waveguide was useful to obtain the rotation angle of the principal axis of 45° even when the core layer has form birefringence such as an MQW. The MRR functions as both a polarization converter and a wavelength filter. As an MQW core layer, a multiple five-layer asymmetric coupled quantum well (FACQW) was assumed. Polarization switching of an inputted light with a selected wavelength was successfully demonstrated at an operation voltage as low as 0.2 V using the electrorefractive index change in the MRR waveguide. The maximum polarization extinction ratio was more than 35 dB. The high-speed and low-voltage polarization switching can be realized with the proposed MRR polarization switch.
抄録全体を表示
-
Bingzhou HONG, Takuya KITANO, Haisong JIANG, Akio TAJIMA, Kiichi HAMAM ...
原稿種別: PAPER
2017 年 E100.C 巻 10 号 p.
775-781
発行日: 2017/10/01
公開日: 2017/10/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
We newly propose the first lateral mode selective active multimode interferometer laser diode. The design principle is to arrange identical propagation path of different lateral mode. Thanks to multimode waveguide structure, 0th mode and 1st order mode has individual propagation path within one device. Individual lasing of fundamental mode as well as first mode was confirmed successfully.
抄録全体を表示
-
Haisong JIANG, Ryan IMANSYAH, Luke HIMBELE, Shota OE, Kiichi HAMAMOTO
原稿種別: PAPER
2017 年 E100.C 巻 10 号 p.
782-788
発行日: 2017/10/01
公開日: 2017/10/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
We present dynamic mode switching characteristic by using a 2 × 2 optical mode switch based on silicon waveguide. The configuration of optical mode switch is similar to MZI where the width of input and output ports are designed to permit the combining of the fundamental mode and the first order mode. We designed the symmetrical arms with phase shifter based on p-i-n structure in one arm to generate a π-phase difference between each arm. As a result, mode switching with the injection current of 60mA (5.7V) was successfully achieved with the mode crosstalk of -10dB at λ=1550nm. A minimum of less than 60ns and 40ns mode switching time for the fundamental mode to first order mode and first order mode to fundamental mode, was achieved respectively in this time.
抄録全体を表示
-
Takao KUKI
2017 年 E100.C 巻 10 号 p.
789
発行日: 2017/10/01
公開日: 2017/10/01
ジャーナル
フリー
-
Kei SAKAGUCHI, Thomas HAUSTEIN, Sergio BARBAROSSA, Emilio Calvanese ST ...
原稿種別: INVITED PAPER
2017 年 E100.C 巻 10 号 p.
790-808
発行日: 2017/10/01
公開日: 2017/10/01
ジャーナル
フリー
Wireless engineers and business planners commonly raise the question on where, when, and how millimeter-wave (mmWave) will be used in 5G and beyond. Since the next generation network is not just a new radio access standard, but also an integration of networks for vertical markets with diverse applications, answers to the question depend on scenarios and use cases to be deployed. This paper gives four 5G mmWave deployment examples and describes in chronological order the scenarios and use cases of their probable deployment, including expected system architectures and hardware prototypes. The first example is a 28 GHz outdoor backhauling for fixed wireless access and moving hotspots, which will be demonstrated at the PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games in 2018. The second deployment example is a 60 GHz unlicensed indoor access system at the Tokyo-Narita airport, which is combined with Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) to enable ultra-high speed content download with low latency. The third example is mmWave mesh network to be used as a micro Radio Access Network (µ-RAN), for cost-effective backhauling of small-cell Base Stations (BSs) in dense urban scenarios. The last example is mmWave based Vehicular-to-Vehicular (V2V) and Vehicular-to-Everything (V2X) communications system, which enables automated driving by exchanging High Definition (HD) dynamic map information between cars and Roadside Units (RSUs). For 5G and beyond, mmWave and MEC will play important roles for a diverse set of applications that require both ultra-high data rate and low latency communications.
抄録全体を表示
-
Kazuaki TAKAHASHI, Hidekuni YOMO, Takashi MATSUOKA, Junji SATO, Yoichi ...
原稿種別: INVITED PAPER
2017 年 E100.C 巻 10 号 p.
809-817
発行日: 2017/10/01
公開日: 2017/10/01
ジャーナル
フリー
In this paper, we present the roles played by millimeter-waves in the realization of an Internet of Things (IoT) society. Millimeter-waves are becoming essential frequency resources, enabling ultra-high-speed wireless networks supporting massive data traffic and high-resolution sensor devices. Multiple antenna technologies such as phased arrays, sector antennas, and MIMO signal processing are key technologies for putting these into practical use. In this paper, various examples of integration of multi-antenna systems are shown, as well as demonstration on 60GHz-band millimeter-wave wireless access and 79GHz-band high-resolution radar. We also propose applications to ITS for an IoT society, combining millimeter-wave wireless access and radar sensors, and discuss technical issues to be solved in the future.
抄録全体を表示
-
Hideyuki NAKAMIZO, Shintaro SHINJO, Koji TSUTSUMI, Satoshi YAMAGUCHI, ...
原稿種別: INVITED PAPER
2017 年 E100.C 巻 10 号 p.
818-824
発行日: 2017/10/01
公開日: 2017/10/01
ジャーナル
フリー
In order to meet various requirements for the 5th generation mobile communication, a high SHF wideband massive-MIMO system has been widely studied which offers wide system bandwidth and high spectral efficiency. A hybrid beamforming configuration which combines analog beamforming by APAA (Active Phased Array Antenna) and digital MIMO signal processing is one of the promising approaches for reducing the complexity and power consumption of the high SHF wideband massive-MIMO system. In order to realize the hybrid beamforming configuration in high SHF band, small size, low power consumption and precise beam forming over the wide-band frequency range are strongly required for RF frontend which constitutes analog beam former. In this paper, a compact RF frontend module for high SHF wideband 5G small cell base station is proposed. This RF frontend module is prototyped. Various key components of the RF frontend module are fabricated in 15GHz band, and measured results show that high RF performances are able to meet the requirements of RF frontend.
抄録全体を表示
-
Koji TSUTSUMI, Takaya MARUYAMA, Wataru YAMAMOTO, Takanobu FUJIWARA, Ta ...
原稿種別: PAPER
2017 年 E100.C 巻 10 号 p.
825-832
発行日: 2017/10/01
公開日: 2017/10/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
A 15GHz-band 4-channel transmit/receive RF core-chip is presented for high SHF wide-band massive MIMO in 5G. In order to realize small RF frontend for 5G base stations, both 6bit phase shifters (PS) and 0.25 dB resolution variable gain amplifiers (VGA) are integrated in TX and RX paths of 4-channels on the chip. A PS calibration technique is applied to compensate the error of 6bit PS caused by process variations. A common gate current steering topology with tail current control is used for VGA to enhance the gain control accuracy. The 15GHz-band RF core-chip fabricated in 65 nm CMOS process achieved phase control error of 1.9deg. rms., and amplitude control error of 0.23 dB. rms.
抄録全体を表示
-
Masayoshi OSHIRO, Tatsuhiko MARUYAMA, Takashi TOKAIRIN, Yuki TUDA, Ton ...
原稿種別: PAPER
2017 年 E100.C 巻 10 号 p.
833-840
発行日: 2017/10/01
公開日: 2017/10/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
A fully-integrated system-on-chip (SoC) for Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) with 3.2mA RX and 3.5mA TX current consumption is presented. To achieve both low current consumption and high performance, the SoC employs a sliding-IF architecture with high tolerance against out-of-band-blocking signals, a power management unit with improved efficiency, and techniques to reduce current in core circuits. The SoC achieves RX sensitivity of -93dBm and maximum output power of 0dBm. The SoC is in compliance with version 4.2 of the Bluetooth specifications and with the radio regulations of the FCC, ETSI, and ARIB. The SoC achieves the minimum level of current consumption for both RX and TX modes in the published product-level SoCs.
抄録全体を表示
-
Ippei TAKANO, Daigo FURUSU, Yosuke WATANABE, Masaya TAMURA
原稿種別: PAPER
2017 年 E100.C 巻 10 号 p.
841-849
発行日: 2017/10/01
公開日: 2017/10/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
In this paper, we applied cavity resonator wireless power transfer (CR WPT) to an enclosed space with scatterers and revealed that high transfer efficiency at line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) position in the power transmitter can be achieved by this method. In addition, we propose a method for limiting the wireless power transfer space utilizing metal mesh and show its effectiveness by experiment. First, we confirm that the constructed experimental model is working as a cavity resonator by theoretical formula and electromagnetic field analysis. Next, we calculate the maximum power transfer efficiency using a model including a plurality of scatterers by installing a power receiver at LOS and NLOS positions in the power transmitter, and it was confirmed that transfer efficiency of 30% or more could be expected even at the NLOS position. Then, we measured the frequency characteristics of a model in which one surface of the outer wall was replaced with a metal mesh, and it was clarified that the characteristics hardly changed in the power transfer frequency band. Finally, we confirmed that simultaneous communication can be performed with driving of the battery-less sensor by CR WPT, and clarify effectiveness of the proposed method.
抄録全体を表示
-
Yasumasa NAKA, Kyohei YAMAMOTO, Takuma NAKATA, Masaya TAMURA
原稿種別: PAPER
2017 年 E100.C 巻 10 号 p.
850-857
発行日: 2017/10/01
公開日: 2017/10/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
This paper focuses on underwater wireless power transfer with electric coupling. First, the maximum available efficiency is derived by using the S-parameters of the parallel plate coupler. The frequency which represents the maximal value of the efficiency is revealed. Further, the elevation in the efficiency in association with a reduction of the electrode size is found. It is clarified that the elevation depends on the characteristic of the water dielectric loss. From these results, the optimal electrode size that obtains the maximal value of the efficiency is provided. Finally, we fabricate the couplers by utilizing the optimal frequency and the electrode size. The efficiency of 75.8% under water is achieved.
抄録全体を表示
-
Yohei MORISHITA, Koichi MIZUNO, Junji SATO, Koji TAKINAMI, Kazuaki TAK ...
原稿種別: PAPER
2017 年 E100.C 巻 10 号 p.
858-865
発行日: 2017/10/01
公開日: 2017/10/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
This paper presents a programmable wideband low pass filter (LPF) with Continuous-Time (CT)/Discrete-Time (DT) hybrid architecture. Unlike the conventional DT LPF, the proposed LPF eliminates sample & hold circuits, enabling to expand available bandwidth. The transfer function and the influence of the circuit imperfection are derived from CT/DT hybrid analysis. A prototype has been fabricated in 40 nm CMOS process. The proposed LPF achieves 2.5 GHz bandwidth by wideband equalization, which offers capacitance ratio (Cratio) and clock frequency (fCK) programmability. The proposed LPF occupies only 0.048 mm2 of active area.
抄録全体を表示
-
Shinichi TANAKA, Kengo SAITO, Toshiaki OKA, Yodai SHIBOSAWA
原稿種別: PAPER
2017 年 E100.C 巻 10 号 p.
866-874
発行日: 2017/10/01
公開日: 2017/10/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
Novel design approaches for microwave active circuits using composite right-/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) stubs are presented. We show that, by modifying the dispersion diagram of the CRLH TL stub, the frequency band or the harmonic tuning capability can be enhanced in such a way that it would have been difficult or impractical if done using conventional micro-strip line stubs. The frequency response of the CRLH TL stub can be controlled almost arbitrarily while at the same time reducing the stub length significantly, because the dispersion curve in the left-handed region and in the right-handed region is controlled independently. As a proof of concept, a triple-band rectifier, single-band and dual-band harmonic tuning circuits for class-F amplifiers are demonstrated.
抄録全体を表示
-
Chai Eu GUAN, Ahmed I.A. GALAL, Nagamitsu MIZOGUCHI, Akira ISHIKAWA, S ...
原稿種別: PAPER
2017 年 E100.C 巻 10 号 p.
875-883
発行日: 2017/10/01
公開日: 2017/10/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
The analysis and design of a full 360 degrees hybrid coupler phase shifter with integrated distributed elements low pass filters is presented. Pi-section filter is incorporated into hybrid coupler phase shifter for harmonic suppression. The physical size of the proposed structure is close to that of the conventional hybrid coupler phase shifter. The maximum phase shift range is bounded by the port impedance ratio of the hybrid coupler phase shifter. Furthermore, the phase shift range is reduced if series inductance in the reflective load deviates from the optimum value. Numerical and parametric analyses are used to find the equivalent circuit of the pi-section filter for consistent relative phase shift. To validate our analysis, the proposed phase shifter operates at 8.6GHz was fabricated and measured. Over the frequency range of interest, the fabricated phase shifter suppresses second harmonic and achieves analog phase shift of 0 to 360 degrees at the passband, agreeing with the theoretical and simulation results.
抄録全体を表示
-
Dong-Hun KIM, Jiro HIROKAWA, Makoto ANDO
原稿種別: PAPER
2017 年 E100.C 巻 10 号 p.
884-892
発行日: 2017/10/01
公開日: 2017/10/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
A 42×42-way one-body 2-D beam-switching Butler matrix with waveguide short-slot 2-plane couplers is designed and fabricated in the 22GHz band. The one-body configuration using the commutativity and the overlapping of units allows reducing the size and loss in comparison with a cascade of matrices beam-switching for the horizontal and the vertical planes. It is achieved by replacing 2×2-way 1-plane couplers in the conventional block configuration for a Butler matrix with 22×22-way 2-plane couplers. The measured bandwidth is approximately 2% restricted by the frequency characteristics of the 2-plane couplers. In the radiation from the aperture array antenna of the 42 output ports, the 3.9dB-down coverage of 3-D solid angle by the sixteen beams is around 1.72 steradian which is same as 27.4% of hemisphere at the design frequency for the aperture spacing of 0.73×0.73 wavelength.
抄録全体を表示
-
Yosuke OKADA, Tadashi KAWAI, Akira ENOKIHARA
原稿種別: PAPER
2017 年 E100.C 巻 10 号 p.
893-900
発行日: 2017/10/01
公開日: 2017/10/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
In this paper, we propose a design method of compact multi-way Wilkinson power divider with a multiband operation for size reduction and band broadening. The proposed divider consists of multisection LC-ladder circuits in the division arms and isolation circuits between the output ports. To validate design procedures, we fabricated a trial divider at VHF band. The circuit layout of the trial divider was decided by using an electromagnetic simulator (Sonnet EM). Because the proposed divider consists of lumped element circuits, we can realize great miniaturization of a circuit area compared to that of the conventional Wilkinson power divider. The circuit size of the trial divider is 35 mm square. The measurement results for the trial divider by using a vector network analyzer indicates a relative bandwidth of about 60% under -17 dB reflection, flat power division within ±0.1 dB, and very low phase imbalances under 1.0 degree over the wide frequency range.
抄録全体を表示
-
Bo YANG, Tomohiko MITANI, Naoki SHINOHARA
原稿種別: PAPER
2017 年 E100.C 巻 10 号 p.
901-907
発行日: 2017/10/01
公開日: 2017/10/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
We developed a 5.8 GHz power-variable phase-controlled magnetron (PVPCM) which controls the phase of magnetron output by a phase shifter and controls the power by the anode current of the magnetron. This method is different from the previous 2.45 GHz phase-controlled magnetron which utilizes an injection method and a phase locked loop by the anode current, since the frequency of 5.8 GHz magnetron hardly changes with the anode current. Our experiments show that the developed 5.8 GHz PVPCM had a variable output power with 1% power stability from 160 W to 329 W, the phase accuracy was nearly ±1°, and the response time was less than 100 µs. Stable output power, high phase-controlled accuracy, and fast response speed microwave sources based on the PVPCMs are suitable for phased array system for wireless power transfer.
抄録全体を表示
-
Kouji SHIBATA, Masaki KOBAYASHI
原稿種別: PAPER
2017 年 E100.C 巻 10 号 p.
908-917
発行日: 2017/10/01
公開日: 2017/10/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
In this study, expressions were compared with reference material using the coaxial feed-type open-ended cut-off circular waveguide reflection method to support simple and instantaneous evaluation of dielectric constants in small amounts of scarce liquids over a broad frequency range. S11 values were determined via electromagnetic analysis for individual jig structure conditions and dielectric property values without actual S11 measurement under the condition that the tip of the measurement jig with open and short-ended conditions and with the test material inserted. Next, information on the relationships linking jig structure, dielectric properties and S11 properties was stored on a database to simplify the procedure and improve accuracy in reference material evaluation. The accuracy of the estimation formula was first theoretically verified for cases in which values indicating the dielectric properties of the reference material and the actual material differed significantly to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results indicated that dielectric property values for various liquids measured at 0.5 and 1.0GHz using the proposed method corresponded closely to those obtained using the method previously proposed by the authors. The effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated by determining the dielectric properties of certain liquids at octave-range continuous frequencies between 0.5 and 1.0GHz based on interpolation from limited data of several frequencies. The results indicated that the approach enables quicker and easier measurement to establish the complex permittivity of liquids over a broad frequency range than the previous method.
抄録全体を表示
-
Sonshu SAKIHARA, Masaru TAKANA, Naoki SAKAI, Takashi OHIRA
原稿種別: PAPER
2017 年 E100.C 巻 10 号 p.
918-923
発行日: 2017/10/01
公開日: 2017/10/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
This paper presents an approach to nonlinear impedance measurement exploiting an oscilloscope and Möbius transformation. Proposed system consists of a linear 4-port network and an oscilloscope. One of the port is excited by a high power source. The power is delivered to the second port, which is loaded with a DUT. Another set of two ports are used to observe a voltage set. This voltage set gives the impedance of the DUT through Möbius transformation. We formulated measurability M of the system, and derived the condition that M becomes constant for any DUT. To meet the condition, we propose a linear 4-port network consisting of a quarter-wavelength transmission line and resistors. We confirm the validity and utility of the proposed system by measuring the impedance of incandescent bulbs and an RF diode rectifier.
抄録全体を表示
-
Yuanfeng SHE, Masanobu HIROSE, Yuto KATO, Takayuki ISHIZONE, Satoru KU ...
原稿種別: BRIEF PAPER
2017 年 E100.C 巻 10 号 p.
924-927
発行日: 2017/10/01
公開日: 2017/10/01
ジャーナル
認証あり
This article proposes a simply structured transverse slot linear array antenna with a low cross-polarization in X band on a quasi-TEM (transverse electromagnetic) mode waveguide. The fabrication technology of this antenna is very simple and suitable for mass production. A center fed linear slot array has been designed and measured. The quasi-TEM wave is propagating in the conventional waveguide with dielectrics at sidewalls. The simulation and the measurement results show that the baffle plates enhance the gain and reduce the beamwidth effectively. The uncertainties of the electric properties of the dielectric and fabrication errors are also discussed.
抄録全体を表示