Junior high school age, that has been established as compulsory, is one of the most important stage in life, not only from the view point of the mental development, but of the physical growth and the development of exercise-capacity.
As the materials for this study I used the records of 50 metre run, broad jump, basket ball throw, vertical jump and suspension involved in the exercise-capacity test program conducted with about 300 boys of a junior high school in Shibuya-ku in July, 1950.
And I examined (1) the correlation in running, jumping and throwing, (2) the comparison of the capacity of sports dud-boys with that of ordinary boys, (3) the correlation of the capacity by the age, (4) the difference in their exercise-capacity by school years, (5) the development of such capacity and (6) the correlation of such capacities with the stature, weight and lower limb length.

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The Oki-islands lie about in 130 degrees of east longitude, 36 degrees north latitude. Their total area is 348.75 square kilo-metres, and total population is 20, 829 males, 22, 972 females (1948). The islands are consisted of the two grouper, Dozen and Dogo. There are many reports about the Oki-islands from the view point of archaeolgy or folklore because of many old remains and because of their distantial isolation from Honshu (mainland of Japan), but we have had few records of anthropometric researches available.
This research was made in August 1949. After the statistical treatment of the data, writer has much to say about the significant differences between the inhabitants of Dozen and Dugo in the next meanvalues.
Male: foot-length, maximum head length and cephalic index. Female: forearmlength, bitrochanteric diameter, projective height from vertex to gnation, auricular height and bigonial-breadth.

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The activity of leg muscles in the standing posture of man was researched by the electromyographic method. The method employed was the same as the previous report (This Journal vol. 61, p. 19, 1951), that is, the action current was lead by the coaxial needle electrode inset into the muscle in question. The results obtained are as follows;
(1) The standing postures are classified into two groups, symmetrical and asymmetrical, and the symmetrical group is further divided into three, that is, relaxed posture(Ruhe Haltung by R. FICK), normal posture (Bequeme Haltung) and strained posture (Militarische Haltung).
(2) In normal standing posture, it may be said, the most natural postre, knee and foot joints are not antagonistically fixed by M. gastrocnemius, M.soleus, M. biceps femoris etc., while hip joint is fixed antagonistically by M. iliopsoas and glutaeal muscles.
(3) It may be said that the fixation of hip joint is concerned with the fundi of cellebelum, while fixation of knee and foot joint is related to the function of spinal cord and labyrinth respectively.
(4) The activity of neuromusclar unit (motor unit) in standing posture is different in nature from that of volantary contraction. The spike discharge intervals which show remarkably irregurlar fluctuation and slow unduration are about 0.08-0.10 sec., and each neuromuscular unit shows the rotational activity, which is never seen in weak volantary contraction. These phenomena originate from the unsettledness of standing posture.

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On September, 1944, the left half of the mandible (No. III) Which is yellowish brown coloured and slightly mineralized, was found at the Djalainor Coal-mine.
Dr R. ENDO investigated the vicinity of the Djalainor Coal-mine in cooperation with Dr. W. C. PEI, and found this mandible etc., together with some mammalian fossils and many stone implements.
On January, 1945, Dr. ENDO sent to me these human skeletal remains for study.these specimens, Dr. ENDO has already reported. I, therefore, want to present here the results of the measurement of the mandible.
In the following table, the measurements of the mandible are given compared with the modern Silingol-Mongolian means published by SHIMA.
Although the mandible is absolutely and relatively large, the left third molar does not display yet. The body is high and the teeth are massive. The trace of epiphysial line distinctly remains at the articuiar process (condyle). The mandible is presumably of ayoung male. It gives the moderate development of mental region of the modern type. Three mental foramina are observable. I notice the slight sulcus and fossa mentalis. The torus mandibular is absent. The left five teeth(I2, C, P1, P2, M1)are held in the lower jaw. The occulsal surface is strongly worn out. No pathological symptoms are reckognizable. It has no remarkable archaic character.
As the result of morphological examination of three Djalainor materials, I think that the mandible(No. III)may be almost the same antiquity with the skull No. I, and the skull No. II may be older than those of the former specimens.

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(1) In the human body, it there is no intermediate form among patterns, we can classify them very easily. For instance, the difference among four blood types is so eminent that we are able to classify them definitely with ease.
(2) In many cases, however, the difference of patterns is quantitative, and there is no definite boundary among them. Formerly, when I investigated the colour of the head hair and iris with Koreans and Manchurians I found it so hard to classify them.
(3) For the purpose of expressing the shape, we use the quantitative and attributive characters. For example, we can express the head form in the horizontal plane by the length-breadth-indices, but there are some cases in which two different head forms have the same indices. So, SERGI classified the headforms into seven types, but we have trouble in judging the form by his classification. The author thinks the measurement of the distance from cardinal points and planes of cranial-contour according to BENINGTON's method is the fittest method to describe the head form.
(4) We treat with the shape of profile, forehead, nose, mouth and chin by their attributes. When we classify them, I think that the indices to express the extremly abridged form is rathermore reliable than the classified patterns.
(5) When we use the words, "large ", "medium ", "small" or "pronounced ", "medium ", " slight" in degrees we must base upon the authorized standard that is common to all human beings. The subjective classification applicable only in some particular groups will be of no use for such purpose.
(6) we must examine the degree of difference between patterns that vary from one another in quantity. The measuring values and indices, if they are treated with the successive numbers, represent no other than the successive patterns. Namely, in anthropometry, we are counting 5 and higher fractions as units and disregarding the rest under the unit. We classify the stature expressed by successive numbers into "large ", "medium" and "small ". And also the length-breadth-indices are classified into " dolicho-", " meso" and " brachy-cephalic ".
(7) We know that one physical character is accompanied by another and not by some others. And, we can assume that they are phenomena originated from the same cause. In each physical character, we can know the most important factor by examination of their correlation and association. So we must properly choose these important characters and factors in any case of comparison of individuals or groups.

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The author has been studying on the different personality types in the Japanese culture patterns from the point of view of "culture and personality problem".
The author classifies the methods of measurement of personality which might at least be of any use to this purpose, as follows:
(1) Observation: "observation of the whole atmosphere" and the "analytic observation".
(2) Interview: including the psycho-analytic interview about the dreams, phantasies, etc.
(3) Self-spection tests: AWAJI-OKABE Version Test, Mental Hygiene Institute Test, etc.
(4) Tests about the reaction types of nervous systems: electro-encephaloramm, psychogalvanic phenomenon and conditioned response.
(5) Psycho-working tests: KRAEPELIN Tests.
(6) Projective tests: RORSCH Test, T. A. T., Doll-play experiment.
(7) Analysis of the works: analysis of the drawings and compositions. After scrutinizing these seven techniques, the author concludes that the most effective way for the purpose of study of the "culture-and-personality problem" is the combined application of the methods (1)(2)(6) and (7).

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