Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon
Online ISSN : 1884-765X
Print ISSN : 0003-5505
ISSN-L : 0003-5505
Volume 94, Issue 3
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
  • Hiroko KOSUGI, Kazuro HANIHARA, Tsuguyoshi SUZUKI, Toshio KAWABE, Sei- ...
    1986 Volume 94 Issue 3 Pages 275-287
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Excavated ribs obtained from 30 Jomon and 7 Yayoi sites, and 5 skeletal components (rib, hand phalanx, vertebra, skull and fibula) of 3 different skeletons were analyzed for concentration of 19 elements by ICP atomic emission spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry. Elements without showing locational variation in the concentration were B, Ca, Cu, Ni and Pb, and large variations were for Al, Co, Fe, Sr, Ti and V. Between two eras, significantly different were the concentrations of Cd, Mg, Ni and P.
    From results of the factor analysis on the correlational matrix between elemental concentrations, the soil contamination and the maintenance of bone inorganic, matrix were important in determining the elemental composition.
    Cave samples differed from non-cave samples in concentrations of such elements as Al, Ti, Fe, Zn, P, and Mg, suggesting different processes of diagenetic change.
    Among skeletal components, the least affected by physical contamination was the phalanx but the rib was not the worst.
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  • Takahiro NAKAHASHI, Masafumi NAGAI
    1986 Volume 94 Issue 3 Pages 289-305
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To determine the sex of fragmentary human skeletal remains, discriminant function analysis using 18 measurements on relatively preservable parts of the skeleton was made on samples from western Japan, of recent, medieval and aeneolithic Yayoi periods. A total of over 150 discriminant functions based on one to eight variables were applied to recent samples and the sex could be determined with over 90% accuracy, using combinations of only two to three measurements. When the discriminant function coefficients calculated from measurements on the recent Japanese were applied to the excavated skeletal remains, they proved to be useful in sexing the samples from the Yoshimo-hama site (15-16C.). In case of the Yayoi population (300 B. C. -A. D. 300), a suitable selection of the discriminant functions containing the variables which showed relatively small differences among the populations studied made feasible sex determination at a high rate of accuracy. When the discriminant functions were calculated for each population respectively, the measurements were found to be highly useful for sex determination in all the populations studied. Furthermore, the combination method of midpoints between the male and female mean measurements also showed a sufficiently high accuracy in sexing the samples. Since the methods we used are not so influenced by the degree of bone preservation, these approaches can be used to determine the sex of excavated human skeletons containing poorly preserved materials.
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  • Akiyoshi EHARA, Minoru KINOSHITA, Shin MATSUMOTO
    1986 Volume 94 Issue 3 Pages 307-313
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In 1984, at least eighteen domestic dogs were excavated together with archeological remains and human bones from Asahi-nishi-site, Aichi, whose age is thought to be about A.D. 1600.
    The Japanese domestic dogs have changed since Jomon period involving foreign lineages from continents of many times. It is evident that dogs were brought from Europe at the Japanese turbulent age. There must be some genetic differences among dogs even from one site and the individual informations are necessary to analyze the history of the Japanese domestic dogs. Here the characters of the dog remains from the Asahi-nishi-site are reported with the metrical values on skull, mandible, tooth and hip bone.
    These remains were found from the old moat of Kiyosu Castle with very weak waterflow. Fifteen skulls, fifteen mandibles and thirteen hip bones were excavated with many ribs and vertebrae, while extremities are only five and the scapula is none. Twelve pairs of skull and mandible were matched, and so there exist at least eighteen individuals, though the correspondence of skull to the hip bone is not clear. Of these, thirteen animals are with full erupted permanent teeth and the rest five have still deciduous teeth. From the subpubic angle, six females, five males were identified (Table 3). Since this site is not of village, these constitutions of age and sex do not represent that of a certain community.
    As shown in Table 1, 2 and 3, there is individual difference to some extent on each dimension and index. Some skulls and teeth indicate greater values than those of the previous and same age reported by Shigehara and Onodera (1984) or Shigehara (1985), which suggests some factor toward a large size at this period. The frontal "stop" is generally small, which is an old character of Japanese dogs.
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  • Sumiko ABE, Kouichi HIRAIWA
    1986 Volume 94 Issue 3 Pages 315-318
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The polymorphism of serum proteins (Pi, Tf and α2HS) was studied on samples of unrelated individuals in Fukushima Prefecture. The estimated allele frequencies are as follows: PiM1=0.7117, PiM2=0.2500, PiM3=0.0365; TfC1=0.7743, TfC2=0.2174, TfB=0.0032, TfD=0.0051; α2HS1=0.7585, α2HS2=0.2415. They were in good agreement with the data on Japanese populations presented by other investigators.
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  • Takeshi SETOGUCHI
    1986 Volume 94 Issue 3 Pages 319-324
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Shizuo ODA, Charles T. KEALLY
    1986 Volume 94 Issue 3 Pages 325-361
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    After talking to the principal investigators, OKAMURA and KAMATA, and a thorough study of the relevant publications and the lithics themselves, we have concluded that no proven artifacts of human origin predating 30, 000 B. P. exist in Miyagi prefecture. The claims of OKAMURA, KAMATA, and some other Miyagi archaeologists that they have discovered a "Lower Palaeolithic" there are based on flawed research and are dubious claims. The artifactual database for the Miyagi Palaeolithic is extremely small and much of it has been picked out of road and field cuttings. Several obviously Jomon artifacts are being called Palaeolithic, the oldest lithics are probably not artifacts, and the dates being assigned to the geological strata by the archaeologists disagree with the actual age measurements published by the dating specialists. Furthermore, sensationalizing these very controversial finds in the press is unethical.
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