In August 1951, we excavated three limestone caves, identified as A, B and C, in Iwaya village, Aomori Prefecture. Both caves A and B were filled with beach sand and pebbles ; there were shellmounds in cave C. In these cave-deposits we discovered human bones, animal bones and implements. The human bones were derived from the Tokugawa era as determined by the cultural remains.
It was necessary to pay special attention to cave C, as two low and narrow fissures were annexed to it making small side chambers, whose entrances were closed with heaps of pebbles. Behind the pebbles we found human bones scattered on the floors of the side chambers. The skeletons from caves A and B are distinctly those of Japanese, but the ones from cave C, both main and side chambers, are those of Aino.
H. SUZUKI, one of the authors, has already proven the residence of modern (Tokugawa era) Aino on the northern end of Honshu as reported in this journal last year. The discovery of Aino skeletons from the Iwaya caves confirms anew the residence of the Aino in the Tokugawa era. But these Aino must have been immigrants from Hokkaido and not the last remnants of the Aino, who were driven northward from Honshu to Hokkaido, as often stated by some authors.

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Among prehistoric potsherds of Mr. SAKAMOTO's collection in Higo Province, there are some very unusual examples of shape. Their reconstructions are truly beaker-shaped with band handles as the illustration shows. Such shaped pots have not yet been recorded in Japan, and from comparative studies the shape suggests resemblances with the black type of pottery in prehistoric China.

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The MN blood type distributions of the Japanese, Koreans and Mongolians are approximately M-type 30%, N-type 20% and MN-type 50%, with the Formosans and Micronesians showing similar results.
The results of the examinations of the MN blood type of 337 Ainus living in the Piratori district in Hidaka province, Hokkaido by this author in the summer of 1951 made clear the fact that compared to the surrounding races the N-type was quite high (37.4%).
Formerly, the Eskimos, American Indians, Rwala Bedouins and Alaskan Indians were considered as tribes with high rates of M-types, while the Australian aborigines and Papuans showed extremely high rates of N-types. The fact that these races are relatively unmixed and are also uncivilized is of great interest.
Thus, from the fact that the races with extremely high rates of M- and N-types exist, it may be surmised that M-type races and N-type races co-existed in the ancestry of human races. Also as above stated, it may be said that the races which have overwhelmingly high rates of M- or N-types are ideally most closely connected with the basic primitive races.

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In the Spring of 1951, the new pupils of the primary school at Sanbongi-machi in Aomori Prefecture and their parents were measured for head-length and breadth. The parents were all more than 25 years of age and the children were all 6 years of age. Correlation coeficients between parents and children were calculated for head-length, breadth and the length-breadth index. In every instance the correlation between child and father was higher than that between child and mother, and also the correlation between child and parent of like sex was higher than that of opposite sex.

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Following my former exercise-capacity test study of junior high school boys in this Journal LXII-2, I summerized that of girls of the same age. I secured these materials on ca. 300 girls from the same school (in Shibuya-ku, Tokyo) and at the same time (in July, 1950) as I obtained the data on the boys of my former study.
I first examined as in my study on the boys: (1) the correlation between running, jumping and throwing, (2) a comparison of the capacities of girls belonging to sport-clubs with those of ordinary girls, (3) the development of such capacities and (4) the correlation of the capacities with stature, weight and lower limb length.
Next, comparing the exercise-capacities of the boys with those of the girls, I came to the following conclusions : (1) the differences between the pupils of sport-clubs and ordinary pupils were more remarkable in the girls than in the boys, (2) in the boys the development of such exercise-capacities increased remarkably in the second half of the 2nd year but in the girls it increased up to the first half of 2nd year and in some exercises it decreased and stopped in the 3rd year.

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The identification of the dead body is very important for forensic medicine, which requires extensive use of the technique of physical anthropology. Unfortunately, however, physical anthropologists have not developed adequate facilities for identifi-cation in Japan, although we expect to in the future. In considering the problem seriously physical anthropologists will make great contributions to forensic medicine and to physical anthropology itself.
In the article we summarized in brief the present state of body identification in the United States and emphasized that it is not an impossible task, though it is a very difficult one., We hope and believe that more intensive studies will be made and that the methods of identification will be brought to perfection.

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