Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon
Online ISSN : 1884-765X
Print ISSN : 0003-5505
ISSN-L : 0003-5505
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Volume 97, Issue 2
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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  • An Analysis of Cladistic Relationships of Leontopithecus Based on Dental and Cranial Characters
    Masahito NATORI
    1989 Volume 97 Issue 2 Pages 157-167
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.97.157
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Based on dental and cranial characters, cladistic status of Leontopithecus within the family Callitrichidae and its interspecific relationships are analyzed. Leontopithecus is the closest genealogical relative of CallithrixCebuella because Leontopithecus has two significant apomorphies in common with Callithrix-Cebuella; the septa in the tympanic cavity and the quite reduced hypocone on M1. Since Leontopithecus chrysopygus and Leontopithecus rosalia share an apomorphy, round-shaped P2, with each other, Leontopithecus chrysopygus is more closely related to L, rosalia than either is to L, chrysomelas. On the basis of the interspecific relationships of Leontopithecus and Callithrix, the refuge for L. rosalia is considered not the Bahia refuge of KINZEY (1982) but the Orgaos refuge of JACKSON (1978).
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  • External Genital Organs in Male Mummies from Qurna, Egypt
    Iwataro MORIMOTO
    1989 Volume 97 Issue 2 Pages 169-187
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.97.169
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The external genital organs were examined in 18 ancient Egyptian male mummies from the Tombs Nos. 317 and 178 at Qurna, Egypt, dating from the 18th Dynasty of New Kingdom to the Ptolemaic stage of the Graeco-Roman period. The penises were kept intact in only three out of 11 adult (27.3%) and in two out of three child mummies (66.7%). The observations showed that the ritual of circumcision in boys at puberty was widely prevalent in the ancient Egypt. The penises were totally or partially cut off in five adult mummies. A model of the penis and scrotum made of resin gilded was laid just below the true external genital organs kept intact in an adult mummy. The penises were elongated in three adult and one child mummies. The elongated penises were often supported or covered with the scrotum deformed. It was suggested that the treatment of the external male genital organs with special care and attention in the mummification process might be derived from the tales of Osiris's body reconstituted by Isis in the Egyptian mythology.
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  • Variation in Sequences of Age a t Peak Height Velocity and Age at Peak Weight Velocity
    Takashi SATAKE, Fumio KIKUTA, Tadashi OZAKI
    1989 Volume 97 Issue 2 Pages 189
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.97.189
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    As for the adolescent growth of height and weight from the cross sectional growth studies, age at peak height velocity (APHV) generally comes earlier than age at peak weight velocity (APWV) in both sexes. The longitudinal data on the individual growth was examined on 16 boys and 21 girls. Peak velocities and ages at peak velocity were calculated by differentiating spline functions by which the growth curves were approximated. APHV and APWV were chronologically arranged in each individual. This arrangement was named 'sequence' in this study.
    The mean values of APHV were 12.6 years of age in boys and 11.5 years of age in girls and those of APWV were 13.6 years of age in boys and 12.6 years of age in girls. Thus, on an average, the sequence was APHV and APWV in order as reported by many authors. Approximately 20% of children examined, however, had a reversed sequence where APWV came earlier than APHV. It was suggested that growth gradient of physical characteristics had a individual variation.
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  • Development of the Automatic System for Measuring the Length and Frequency of the Step and Stride
    Kazutaka ADACHI, Satoshi NISHIZAWA, Banri ENDO
    1989 Volume 97 Issue 2 Pages 201-217
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.97.201
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The accurate length and frequency of the step and stride are indispensable data for a study of human walking. Previous methods for obtaining these measurements have some problems in handling and accuracy. The method which we have developed here makes these measurements easier by using special custommade apparatuses. They measure the position in which the sole makes contact with the floor with a resolution of 5mm and the sampling frequency is 1000 times per second. From these data we can easily calculate the length and frequency of the step and stride. These apparatuses measure the sole-contact area as a segment line and output coordinates for both ends of this area. We made from these data a "onedimensional vestigigram". It indicates how the sole makes contacts with the floor from the heel to the toe chronologically.
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