Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon

Manufacturing Technique of the Stone Artifacts from Palmyra, Syria

Chuji SUZUKI, Takeru AKAZAWA

1971 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 105-127
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.79.105

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This paper is an attempt to reconstruct the manufacturing techniques of stone artifacts from Palmyra, Syria. Analyses of surface collected stone artifacts from Palmyra make possible the reconstruction of the distinguished manufacturing techniques of Post-Palaeolithic stone industries. The results, however, must be substantiated through further studies on excavated materials.

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A Preliminary Report on the Diurnal Acivity Rhythm of the Wild Japanese Monkeys

Taizo IWANO, Nobuko YOTSUMOTO, Toshisada NISHIDA

1971 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 128-138
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.79.128

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The authors tried to elucidate the diurnal activity rhythm of wild Japanese monkeys. One of the branch-troops of Takagoyama-I troop was selected as their study object since it had been habituated to human observers nevertheless lived in the wild state. The troop was traced every day between Dec, 13 and 25, 190.
After the two-week preliminary study, it was made clear that; (1) the troop was depending for its food mainly on Pueraria seeds; (2) the daily distance of travel ranged from 0.8 to 2.1 km on the map, the average being 1.2km; (3) the throop had three main feeding periods in a day during the study period.
This study has just begun and the seasonal change and sex or age difference of the diurnal activity rhythm will be researched in the suceeding study.

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The Age Changes in Body Proportion of the Japanese

Nobuko OKADA

1971 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 139-150
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.79.139

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The author extracted 3, 200 samples (100 males and 100 females for every age group from 5 to 20 years) from the material of measurements obtained by the Japanese Body-build Investigation (measured in 1966 and 1967), and calculated seven indices to clarify the age changes in body proportion of the Japanese.
The main results are as follows:
1) The mean values of seven indices are given in Table 1 and the mean curves of age changes are shown in Fig. 1. The curves are classified into the following three types: the increasing type (total posterior arm length/stature, waist girth/bust girth), the decreasing type (foot length/stature, head girth/bust girth), and the increasing-decreasing type (waist height/stature, lower extremity length/stature, hip girth/bust girth).
2) Body proportion changes gradually from infant to adult body type indicating different phases in each sex. Similar body types were found in some adjacent age groups to be able to bring together. Analyzing the data in Table 2, Fig. 2-1, and Fig. 2-2, the author obtained the stages of growth based on body proportion which is shown in Table 3.

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A Comment for the Method of Estimating Vascural Reaction to Cold

A Comparison of the Skin Temperature Response between the Palmar and the Dorsal Surface of the Distal Phalanx of the Left Middle Finger

Kunihiko KIMURA, Yasuo YAMASHITA

1971 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 151-158
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.79.151

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In this paper, the comparison of skin temperature response between the palmar and the dorsal surfaces of the distal phalanx of the left middle finger was carried out in order to find a more proper location for the test of estimating vascular reaction to cold water (0°C).
The experiment was made under the room temperature from 20 to 22°C based on 19 male subjects (10 controls and 9 Ekiden, long relay road race, runners) in November in 1969 and February in 1970.
The finger skin temperature during ice-water (°C) was measured by the micropyrometer and the thermopiles made of copper and constantan wires.
The following results are found; Based on the progress of fluctuation curve, the skin temperature rise of vascular reaction to cold was more apparent on the palmar surface than on the dorsal one of the distal phalanx in all subjects (Fig. 4). As for four characteristics (Fig. 6) from the skin temperature response, significant differences are recognized between the mean on both surfaces at 1% or 5% significant levels (Table 1).
It has been found from these results that the response to cold is more sensible at the palmar surface than at the dorsal surface, and that the former was suited for estimating of finger skin temperature.
In a preliminary examination, it was found that the double layers of the adhensive plaster and a piece of foaming styrol might have effect of the the protection against the direct cooling of the thermopile in cold water.

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Tooth Size of the Pashtun and Tajik in Afghanistan

Takuro SAKAI, Hajime HANAMURA, Norikazu OHNO

1971 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 159-177
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.79.159

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We have reported previously on the descriptive features of the dentition of the Pashtun and Tajik in Afghanistan. The present work concerns an odontometric investigation on the Pashtun and Tajik. The materials used were 114 upper and lower plaster casts of 75 Pashtuns and 39 Tajiks. The materials of the Japanese used in comparative study were 91 upper and lower plaster casts. On these plaster casts mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters were measured, and rectangle, module, length-breadth index, reductive index and tooth-group index were calculated. As a rule, the right-side teeth were studied. The following is the summary of this research:
1) From tables 1-5 and figures 1-8, it appears that the Pashtun and Tajik on an average have small tooth crowns as compared with the Japanese. Generally, the mean values become larger in the order, the Tajik, the Pashtun, the Japanese. The differences between the populations are considerably significant, and are striking in the mesiodistal crown diameter of the premolars and molars.
2) The mean values of the length-breadth index (BL diameter/MD diametet×100) in the Pashtun and MD diameter Tajik were higher than those in the Japanese. That is, the Pashtun and Tajik have relatively thicker-narrower teeth than the Japanese.
3) The reduction of tooth in dental arches should be analysed quantitatively. For this purpose FUJITA established an idea of the reductive index in 1950. This index is composed of the percental size of the more reduced tooth relative to the less reduced tooth. For example, the reductive index of mesiodistal crown diameter in upper incisors is MD diameter in/Md diameter in upper lateral incisor/ upper central incisor×100. Generally, the mean values of the reductive index except for the index of premolar in the Pashtun and Tajik were lower than those in the Japanese. The differences between the populations are striking in the second molars. That is, the tooth crown size of the second molars of the Pashtun and Tajik show more remarkable reduction than of the Japanese.
4) The tooth-group indices express the sum of the mesiodistal diameters, buccolingual diameters, rectangles or modules of the front teeth in relation to the sum of those of the 1st and 2nd molars, similarly, those of the premolars to those of latter, and those of the front teeth to the sum of those of the premolars and molars. It seems as if the Pashtun and Tajik have relatively larger front teeth and smaller premolars than the Japanese.

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The Rh, MNSs, Duffy and Xg Blood Group Frequencies in Japanese

Further Tests on Unrelated People

Hachiro NAKAJIMA

1971 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 178-181
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.79.178

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