Hitherto, many students, BOAS, APPLETON, SHAPIRO, IMAMURA & his collaborators, SULUKI, etc., have reported on the physical characteristics of immigrants. And also, our studies in Hokkaido have extended over three years and already SUZUKI'S (1950) and SHIMA, TERAKADO'S (1951) researches have been reported. We collaborated with S. IZUMI, T. SOFUE and M. GAMO to investigate on the immigrated fishermen at Monbetsu village, Saru district in Hokkaido and we had charge of the investigation into the physical characteristics.
Anthropological measurements were taken on the fishermen at Tomikawa, Monbetsu and Atsuga sections of Monbetsu village in summer 1951. We have picked out 90 males and 74 females (20-55 years old) of the second and the third generations (now, 63.6% second and 23.6% third generations and all between 20-50 years old). And we have taken statistics on them separately in each section, for they consist of natives from several different provinces, namely Aomori, Niigata, Akita, Iwate, Ishikawa and Fukui, and each section seems to have different composition of population and geographically each section is comparatively distant from each other. According to the data on the fishermen of the three sections, inhabitants of their native provinces, immigrated farmers and the inhabitants of the farmers' native village (1951), (1) the fishermen have larger size than the farmers, (2) the immigrants have a larger means than the inhabitants of their native provinces in stature, girth of chest, weight and relative girth of chest and (3) the females have less difference than the males between the immigrants and the natives.
We have considered as to these differences as APPLETON, SHAPIRO, etc, mentioned, that the immigrants presumably had more progressive spirit and more stout physical characteristics than those who remained in their native provinces, that changes in the natural environments and living conditions such as nourishment, labour, etc, resulted in their physical characteristics. And on the differences between the fishermen and the farmers we inferr that it resulted from the differences of their origin, nourishment, labour and society (T. SOFUE has mentioned that he considered in Tonami group -the immigrated farmers- the collaps of the mode of living rather later than in their mother village today, and this may lead to an assumption that their group consits of people from only one district). Namely, in Hokkaido the creation of a new society under an unity by new natural environments, new composition of people, new living conditions, etc. may have caused new physical characteristics of the new inhabitants.

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This study was made, as a part of research for twin at the Tokyo University since 1950, upon twins in Tokyo.
The author printed toe patterns upon adequate paper, by sticking it to each toe and rolling them both, toe and paper. As to nomenclatures, reference to his previous report is hoped.
The results obtained are as follows:
(1) The author represents combinations of the patterns of each foot (r, 1) of each twin (A, B), such as Ar-Br, Al-B1, Ar-B1 and Br-B1. From Table 2, it may be concluded that DT shows rather more significant difference than MT. And MT shows a stronger likeness in respective side of foot of a pair than in feet of a same person, and vise versa in DT. The characteristics of toe III and IV are noteworthy in respect to MT.
(2) MT males reveal the significant difference of the likeness in metatalsal patterns between 1 and B or A and between r and A, though not so remarkable with females. Sexual differences between each combination of T) T) are not significant in MT.
(3) Metatarsal triadii: In MT males, the likeness of M1 between Ar and Br is much stronger than in other combinations, that of M2 between A1 and B1 than in others.
(4) Fibural sinus: Every combination equally resembles.
(5) The author obtained the transitory series of bailer patterns and toe patterns arranged as in Table 9. Setting the distance between neighbouring patterns as value one, those separated from each other are valued according to the smallest number of gasps between the two patterns concerned, but if patterns concerned are same, the value for the distance is zero. As regards to metatarsal triradii, fibural and calcaneal sinus, he gives value one when each of them is present in one and is absent in another, excepting those cases when both feet have the neighbouring metatarsal triradii, when it is valued at zero. In this way, points of a twin pair are obtained by the summation of points of both sides of A and B. Statistically speaking, the mean and the variance are smaller in MT than in DT. The approximation shows the significant difference between MT (_??__??_, _??__??_) and DT (_??__??_, _??__??_) at a 5% level of significance. There is no significant difference between DT (_??__??_, _??__??_) and DT (_??_, _??_).

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Mangoku-ura bay in Oshika district of Miyagi Prefecture is a very shallow bay surrounded by mountains. The area can be divided into two parts: the part along the Oshika Peninsula and the one along the coast opposit to the Peninsula extending from Watanoha at the mouth of the bay to Onagawa. There are some sites, Yashikihama, Kuroshima, Harinohama, etc., along the former coast, but only one site, Urajuku, along the latter.
At Yashikihama site a pretty amount of potshards of the Middle Jomon type are found scattered along the steep slope of a hill, but other than potshards few remains have been discovered. Remains similar to the Middle Jomon in type are found at some places in the vicinity, e. g. Harinohama, Onagawa and Oura in Momoo district.
From Karamatsu and Kuroshima sites are found not only potshards of the Jomon type but also fragments of Iwaibe- and Haji-pottery.
Urajuku site near Onagawa is a shellmound, and remains are very abundant in kinds as well as in amounts. Pottery is of the Latest Jomon type. From the site were found more than thirty fishing implements made of bone or horn, most of which were harpoons. The remains of this site strikingly resemble those from Numazu shellmound of Inai village in Oshika district. In those days Numazu site presumably stood by an inlet open to the Pacific, and many fishing implements from this site as well as Urajuku site show an active performance of fishing.
In short in the vicinity of Mangoku-ura, there existed a Middle Jomon culture along the coast of Oshika Peninsula, a Late Jomon culture at Takaki and Kitasakai, and a Latest Jomon culture at Urajuku and Numazu. As the coast-line drew back the culture characterized by Iwaibe- and Haji-potetry appeared in Ishinomaki district and also along the coast of Mangoku-ura bay.
In Ishinomaki there are few remains of the Jomon period but a site on a hill named Hagurosan which is close by the Kitakami river, contains shards of Haji-pottery. The center of sites of Iwaibe- and Haji-pottery lies presumably in the northwest of Ishinomaki and the remains are found from whole region covering Waniyama and Hagurosan.

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