Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon

Changes in Skin Tanning with the Changes in Initial Pigmentation of Skin

A.K. KALLA

1969 Volume 77 Issue 5-6 Pages 185-194
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.77.185

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Experiment has been conducted upon 91 adult males by irradiating their medial upper arm sites with a standard dose of polychromatic ultraviolet irradiations emitted by the Philips U.V.lamp, and measuring the induced pigmentation with the help of an E.E.L.spectrophotometer, in order to study the tendency of the variation in skin tanning with the variation in initial melanin pigmentation of skin.It is found that despite the high variability in the maximum skin tanning so produced among the individuals even at similar initial pigmentary level, the skin tanning, on average, tends to increase with the increase in initial pigmentation up to a certain level of initial pigmentation.A further increase in the initial melanin concentration of skin, then, causes a slight but gradual lowering of the skin tanning.It is further found that in the initially heavily pigmented skins, an increase in initial pigmentation tends to lower even the threshold time of the maximum skin tanning.The frequency distribution of the threshold time of the maximum skin tanning by the present amount of irradiation, has also been discussed.

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Taste Sensitivity to Phenyl-thio-urea (P.T.C.) among Oraons and Mundas of Ranchi (India)

D. TYAGI

1969 Volume 77 Issue 5-6 Pages 195-200
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.77.195

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It is evident from the study that Oraons are different from Mundas in ability to taste the phenyl-thio-urea (P.T.C.), but X²-test reveals that they do not show heterogeneity as regards this trait is concerned.It is also evident that in the two tribes under study no statistically significant difference has been observed between the two sexes.Comparisons show that Oraons and Mundas are close to Chandra Senis Kayastha, and Kapol Vanias and Gamits, respectively

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Studies on the Influence of Jet Noise upon the Reaction Time in the School Children

Isao TAKAHASHI, Shoki KYO

1969 Volume 77 Issue 5-6 Pages 201-212
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.77.201

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In previous investigation, we confirmed that jet noise depressed the physical growth of the school children living near the airfield.From these results it could be expected that the noisy environment might influence the reaction time, too.
In 1966, we investigated the phonating reaction time to tone click in the school children living around the Atsugi jet airfield.They were the same subjects as those examined in our previous investigation.We studied mainly the relationship between the reaction time and the distance from the airfield to the living region and also intended to analyze differences in human adaptabilities to the noisy environment according to sex and the growing process.
The results obtained are summerized as follows:
1.The developmental change of the reaction time.
The frequency histograms of the reaction time in the lower grade were characterized by delayed, low plateau (infantile pattern).The histograms became faster and more convergent within shorter range as the school grade advanced (grown-up pattern).
2.The relationship between the reaction time and the distance from the airfield to the living region of the school children.
(1) The reaction time in the children of the 6th grade in Y primary school, living farther from the airfield, did not show the difference of the histogram being caused by the living regions and all showed grown-up pattern.
(2) In S primary school children of the 6th grade (who lived nearer to the airfield than Y children), the reaction time of those living nearest appeared more strongly infantile than that of those living a little farther from the airfield.
This tendency was more remarkable in males.
(3) From the comparison between S and Y school children of the 6th grade, it could be seen that the reaction time of S had the stronger infantile tendency than that of Y children.
This tendency was more remarkable in females.
(4) From the results of (2) and (3), we observed the obvious difference of the reaction time between Y school children and those living nearest to the airfield in S school children.
Between the children examined, there were no essential differences in living conditions of them and their families which could possibly affect the reaction time.Thus, we concluded that such results as mentioned above were caused by jet engine noise which depressed the normal devel-opment of the reaction.
3.The difference of adaptabilities to the noisy environment according to sex and the growing process was not clearly observed in the present investigation.

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Peripheral Response to Cold

Masao SUZUKI

1969 Volume 77 Issue 5-6 Pages 213-223
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.77.213

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In this study, peripheral response to extreme cold was examined by measuring skin temperature of the finger dipped in ice-water.Experiments were carried out in almost the same conditions.Tentative conclusions are as follows:
1.Females show a little higher responses than males.
2.The finding that the annual mean temperature is the major variable affecting CIVD rerponse is supported in this study.
3.The Ainu do not show any racial specificity in CIVD response, but they showed the retarded cycle of time lasped between first spontaneous rewarming and first peak.
4.Professional female divers show particularly enhanced rewarming.An assumption is made that prolonged total body exposure to moderate cold may result in enhanced peripheral response to extreme cold.
5.Identical twins show more similar responses within each pair compared with fraternal twins. Junior high school twins show larger variance within each pair than high school twins.
6. Statistically significant differences of body characteristics are demcnstrated. B. F./w % value, however, seems to have only a little effect on CIVD response.
I want to express my thanks to Prof. H. SUZUKI, Department of Anthro-pology, the University of Tokyo, for his support and supervision, Prof. H. YOSHIMURA, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, for his valuable suggestions, and Prof. S. KONDO, the University of Kyoto, for his continual support in fieldworks.

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Some Aspects of Japanese Preceramic Age: The Microlithic Tendency in the Southwestern Parts of Japan

Shizuo ODA

1969 Volume 77 Issue 5-6 Pages 224-245_2
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.77.224

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A Study of the Age Differences in Skin Pigmentation in Males

A. K. KALLA

1969 Volume 77 Issue 5-6 Pages 246-253
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.77.246

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Skin reflectances were obtained at 426, 550 and 685mg wavelengths (employed in the E.E.L.spectrophotometer) from medial arm and forehead sites among 414“Baniya”males to study the changes in skin pigmentation with age during 10-16 years-an important growth period. It was not possible to arrive at any general conclusion using together the three reflectance scales-Log R426mμ, R550mμ, and“Anti-log”R685mμ, because they exhibited some significant differences in their results“Anti-log”R685mμ, scale was finally adopted to study this problem.The observations for the unexposed medial arm site were used as indicator of the changes in skin colour with age. It was found that during the period between 10 and 16 years, the males first exhibit an increase in the pigmentation which is then lost through the adolescent years even to a significant extent.The forehead pigmentation was found to increase with age, so also was the forehead tanning but it is realised that from such studies it would be difficult to demarcate the effect of age on skin tanning

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Anthropometry of a Negro Population in India: Siddis of Gujarat

D.K. BHATTACHARYA

1969 Volume 77 Issue 5-6 Pages 254-259
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.77.254

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Transferrin Gene Distributions in Macaca irus from Two Different Local Populations

Tasuku TOYOMASU, Goichi ISHIMOTO

1969 Volume 77 Issue 5-6 Pages 260-266
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.77.260

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A total of 174 serum samples of Macaca irus, originally imported from Cambodia and the Philippines, were determined their transferrin phenotypes by starch gel electrophoresis.Eighteen transferrin phenotypes with eight different components were observed in the samples of Cambodian origin, while one homozygous type was predominant and only two out of sixty showed each different heterozygous pattern in the samples of Philippine origin.This findings were thought to be an additional evidence supporting the previously observed pattern of homozygosity in island populations and heterozygosity in mainland populations with respect to macaque transferrin alleles.Moreover, the present Cambodian irus showed a somewhat different distribution for transferrin alleles from those so far examined in the monkeys of Thailand and Malaysia.At present, the observations are only explained by that there certainly exists a strong effect of environmental and geographical factors upon the protein polymorphisms in Macaca irus.

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