Six human skeletal remains, excavated by the late Prof. H. KONO from Eneolithic pit-graves at Bozuyama in Ebetsu (about 20km northeast of Sapporo), were measur-ed (Tables 1-3) and described. All the skeletons were found in extremely flexed position, with their heads turned to the south or southeast, and lying on their backs. The graves contained potsherds of the Kohoku and Hokudai types, which represent the epi-Jomon culture of northeast half of Hokkaido in early and middle parts of the first millennium A. D.
Measurements of the best preserved adult male skull from burial No. VI-2 (Fig. 1-3, Table 1) were compared with those of adjacent racial groups of Hokkaido, Sakhalin, and Japan proper. The Bozuyama VI-2 skull showed the closest resem-blance to the contemporary Onkoromanai remains (YAMAGUCHI, 1963) from northern Hokkaido (Table 4 and Fig. 5 and 6). The author gave a common provisional des-ignation "the Onkoromanai type" to these two Eneolithic groups from central and northern parts of Hokkaido.
The Onkoromanai type, which was tentatively represented by the average of three male skulls of Bozuyama and Onkoromanai (Table 4), was compared with the various recent and prehistoric races of Oceania, Far East, Northern Asia and Europe, by means of the shape distance of L. S. PENROSE (1954). The closest distances from the Onkoromanai type were found in the northern and eastern groups of Hokkaido Ainu, Kuril Ainu, Neolithic populations of Japanese mainland, and cromagnonoid types of Bronze Age southwestern Siberia and Neolithic Ukraina. On the other hand, the remotest distances were shown by the Mongoloid races of northeastern Asia, including the Sakhalin Gilyak. The Ainu of Sakhalin and southern Hokkaido, the recent Japanese, and many Oceanian groups showed intermediate distances (Table 5).
In addition, reciprocal distances among eight representative groups were calcula-ted and illustrated (Table 6, Fig. 7). Remarkable mutual resemblances were found among four of them, i. e. the Onkoromanai type, the Kitami Ainu (northeast Hok-kaido), the Yoshiko (Neolithic shellmound of Japan), and the Andronovo (Bronze Age Minusinsk basin).

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As far as the catarrhine molars are concerned, the patterns of connection of cusps are divided into 3 types as follows; Type I indicates the connection between mesio-buccal and distolingual cusps, while the condition showing connection between mesiolingual and distobuccal cusps belongs to Type III. If the above mentioned 4 cusps come into contact with each other at a point, this feature is called Type II.
The results obtained using this classification with molars of 350 macaque skulls are as follows.
On the upper molar row, Type I is observed with extraordinary frequency on the first molar, while this pattern is recognized less frequently on the posterior molars. On the other hand, Type II and III increase materially towards the posterior molars, particularly II pattern is found remarkably on the second molar.
On the lower molar row, however, Type I is very often recognized on all different kinds of molar at high rate and there is no remarkable difference concerning the distribution of this pattern among all the molars. Moreover, Type II and III as a whole are rarely observed on the lower molars.
The findings on the human molars are opposite to those on the molars of the macaque, as will be mentioned below: Type III or its modification is considered to be found always on the upper molars in case of man, because it is certain that a diagonal ridge of the human upper molar suggests the existence of connection between mesiolingual and distobuccal cusps. Since Type I, II and III in the macaque and X, + and Y pattern of the human lower molars correspond to each other, it is quite natural that Type III should frequently be found on the mesial teeth and Type II or I on the distal teeth of the human lower molar row.
Type III of the human molar could be considered as a primitive type in the evolution of the dentition in primates, while Type I of the macaque should be regarded as a specialized form which has secondarily developed.

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1) Prozentuale Haufigkeiten der Mustertypen der Finger und Zehenbeeren der Nord-Amis(_??_230, _??_221, im Ganzen 451 Personen) and Atayals in Hua-Lien (_??_160, _??_165, im Ganzen 325 Personen) sind wie folgt :
(Vergleiche die zugefugte Tabelle uber die Haufigkeit der Mustertypen nach Geschlecht, Seite, Finger and Zehen.)
2) Bei den Mustertypen nach Zehen wie nach Finger der Nord-Amis und Atayals in Hua-Lien sind wirbel mehr als Schleifen. Sie zeigen die gegensatzliche Eigen-schaft zu dem Ainu.

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