Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon

Anthropological Studies on the Inhabitants in Formosa Somatometries on the Hoklo and Hakka Chinese and the Atayals and Amis

Sanae KANDA

1974 Volume 82 Issue 4 Pages 269-288
Published: December 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.82.269

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In 1969, Anthropological data on the four groups in Formosa were collected by the late Prbf.Mototsugu Kohama.The groups were Hoklo (224 males, 86 females) and Hakka Chi-nese (104 males, 35 females), and the Atayals (32 males, 51 females) and the Amis (30 males, 28 females) of the Formosan aboriginals The Martin's methods for measurements were ap-plied on stature, standing heights to tragion, acromiale, suprasternale, dactylion and iliospinale ant., cephalic length, cephalic breadth, bizygomatic breadth, bigonial breadth, physiognomic fa-cial height, morphologic facial height I (from supraorbitale to gnathion), nasal height I and II (from the most retreated point of nose in mediansagittal plane to subnasale), nasal breadth, ear length and ear breadth.Arm length, trunk length and cephalic height were calculated from the above measurements.
The following results were indicated;
1) Hoklo and Hakka Chinese were larger than the Atayals and Amis in anthropological measurements.The Chinese were larger than the Formosan aboriginals in the following items: Stature, trunk length, cephalic breadth, cephalic height, bizygomatic breadth, inter-canthic breadth and nasal height.
2) The Hoklo Chinese were smaller in physical status than the Hakka Chinese.The Hoklo Chinese were smaller than the Hakka Chinese in the following items;Stature, trunk length, biacromial breadth, pelvic breadth, cephalic length, cephalic breadth, cephalic height, bizygom-atic breadth, bigonial breadth, physiognomical facial height, nasal breadth and ear breadth.
3) The Atayals were smaller in stature, leg length, pelvic breadth, cephalic length, mouth breadth and nasal breadth than those of the Amis.

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An Ergonomic Study on Sporting-wears

Tazuko NISHIDA, Yukie NAKASHIMA

1974 Volume 82 Issue 4 Pages 289-294
Published: December 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.82.289

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Skin temperature, air temperature between skin and clothing, pulmonary ventilation, oxy-gen intake, and heart rate were measured to compare functional characteristics of the follow-ing four types of sporting suits: gymnastics, tennis, valley ball, and ping pong.The subjected tested were four young female adults and the experiments were performed during rest and eight grades of ergometer works from 0 to 600kpm/min in a climatic chamber (20°C db.and RH 50 %).
A remarkably less physiological strain was confirmed during wearing tennis wear by the analysis of variance for the heart rate, though the mean skin temperature was significantly high in that case.This means a significant advantage of the tennis wear over the other three types of sporting suits, and also suggests that the mean skin temperature or the microclimate within clothings is not always an adequate criterion for the assessment of suitability in wear-ing experime nts.The relation between the physiological functions and body temperature was discussed from viewpoints of the above problems.

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Three-dimensional Representation of Relief Changes on Body Trunk Surface during Abduction of Upper Extremities.

An application of the moire method.

Harumi TERADA, Eisaku KANAZAWA

1974 Volume 82 Issue 4 Pages 295-302
Published: December 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.82.295

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The relief changes on the body trunk surface during movement of the upper extremities were studied on a female subject with the aid of moire contourography.To represent these changes three-dimensionally and quantitatively, the superimposing method of moire photographs was introduced.A new contour map was obtained which provided information on antero-posterior relief changes on the body surface.Orthomorphic projection charts were also drawn in order to grasp the relief changes at a glance.

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The Inter-individual Relationships Observed in Social Play of the Young Japanese Monkeys of the Natural Troop in Koshima Islet.

Umeyo MORI

1974 Volume 82 Issue 4 Pages 303-318
Published: December 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.82.303

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Play behavior, especially rough and tumble play of infant (5-9 months after birth) and juvenile (18-22 months) Japanese monkeys (B-group and J-group respectively) was studied, and its role in the development of inter-individual relationships was compared with that of other social interactions, such as grooming and mounting.The frequency of rough and tumble play among infant females was much higher than that among infant males, whereas the frequency among juvenile males was much higher than that among juvenile females.Mounting behavior, being different from rough and tumble play, is a characteristic behavior of male monkeys.This was found true even for infants, though the frequency of mounting behavior was very low as compared with that of rough and tumble play.As for the grooming relationships among individuals, both the infants as well as juveniles were most frequently groomed by their mothers.The infants and juveniles rarely performed the roles of groomers, as they were very young;being less than two years olds.Most of the grooming interactions among individuals other than mothers and their children occured among siblings, especially among elder sisters and younger siblings (elder sisters groom the younger siblings).
84.5% of rough and tumble play of B-group was observed among its members only, while the other partners were, in most of the casese, their elder siblings.Observed frequencies of rough and tumble play among individuals of the same ages or among individuals whose differences of ages were two or less than two years, were close to expected values in J-group.Rough and tumble play was rarely observed among individuals whose differences of ages were more than three years.
Kinship relationships played some role in the selection of the partners for each of the interactions i.e., rough and tumble play, mounting and grooming, as higher than expected values of frequencies of these interactions were observed among blood-related individuals.The inclination towards the blood-related individuals in selecting the partners for each of the following interactions decreased in order, in selecting the partners for grooming, in rough and tumble play and in mounting, successively.Rough and tumble play disappeared when they became late adolescent, though mounting and grooming behaviors were'still persistent and seemed to play an important role in their adult social life.

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