Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon

On the External Curvature of the Vertebral Column in Japanese Children

Kunihiko KIMURA, Nobuko OMORI

1974 Volume 82 Issue 2 Pages 115-127
Published: August 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.82.115

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Abstract On the basis of the sample of the external curvature of the vertebral column investigated by the authors with the conformateur deviced by KIMURA (1971) in 152 boys and 140 girls aged 7 to 15 years in Tokyo in 1973, the follow-ings were found.As the standard points for considering each cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebral curvature, four specific points of inion, cervicale, the 12th thoracic spinous process and JACOBY's level seemed to be more proper.Two analytical techniques of the curvature, the circumference angle at the deepest point and the ratio of arc depth to the chord length, were significantly correla-tive at the level of 1%.The age change of the thoracic curvature in the Japa-nese children corresponded well with those in the Polish children.Based on the age change of the external curvature of the vertebral column, the following developmental periods aeemed to be devided: the childhood before 6 years old, the preadolescence 7 to 12 years old and the adolescence after 13 years old.The adolescence seemed to commence earlier by about one year in the Japanese than in the Poles at least in boys.

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Factors Controlling Crown Size of the Deciduous Dentition

Kazuro HANIHARA

1974 Volume 82 Issue 2 Pages 128-134
Published: August 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.82.128

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Abstract Factor analysis on mesiodistal crown diameters of the deciduous dentition was carried out using samples from Japanese and those from Australian Aborigines.The purposes of this study are to find the main factors which control size and proportion of the dentition, and to compare different populations on the basis of factors obtained.The results are summarized as follows: 1) three factors were found to be largely responsible for characterizing crown measurements of the deciduous dentition;2) the factors are reproducible in different populations;and 3) comparison based on the factors provides a clear picture on characteristics of each population.Some problems to be analysed in the future through such a technique were also discussed.

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The Distribution of Genetic Markers in Blood Samples from Okinawa, the Ryukyus.

The Distribution of Red Cell Antigen Groups in Ishigaki Island.19740827

Shogo MISAWA, Noriko OHNO, Goichi ISHIMOTO, Keiichi OMOTO

1974 Volume 82 Issue 2 Pages 135-143
Published: August 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.82.135

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Abstract A total of 869 blood samples collected in Ishigaki Island were tested for 9 blood groups-ABO, MNSs, Rh, Q, Lewis, Duffy, Kell, Kidd and Diego blood groups, and the following results were obtained.
The O gene frequency (γ) of the ABO blood groups was considerably higher than that of the Japanese, and the distribution of MNSs groups appeared to be different from it.The incidence of Rh negative individuals was 1.04%, which was intermediate between those of the Japanese and Ainu.The frequency of gene Jka was estimated at 0.1977, which was considerably lower than that of the Japanese.The incidence of Di (a+) type individuals was 6.45%.
Genetic distance analysis was carried out to approach the estimation of genetic similarity between the populations.The results indicated that the in-habitants of Ishigaki Island were considerably different from the Ryukyuans of Miyako and Okinawa, though they were more similar to the latter than to the Japanese of Honshu, so far as the data of the 9 blood group systems are con-cerned.The relationships to the Ainu could not unequivocally be demonstrated.The population groups of the Japanese islands dealt with in the present study were equally far apart from the European.

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The Distribution of Genetic Markers in Blood Samples from Okinawa, the Ryukyus

The Distribution of Red Cell GPT and GOT Types in Ishigaki Island

Goichi ISHIMOTO, Mieko KUWATA, Shogo MISAWA, Keiichi OMOTO

1974 Volume 82 Issue 2 Pages 144-149
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.82.144

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Abstract As a part of investigating genetic markers in bloods from Ryukyuans, red cell GPT (glutamic-pyruvic transaminase) and GOT (glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase) polymorphisms were examined in 765 samples collected in Ishi-gaki Island.
In GPT system, the gene frequencies observed were Gpt1=0.535 and Gpt2=0.465, and in GOT system, only two phenotypes, GOT 1 and 2-1, were identified.Compared with other populations of this country, most notable features for this Ryukyuan population were to have the lowest value for the Gptl frequency and the highest for the Gpt2 frequency and to show apparent lack of the Got3 gene.Some comments on the GPT gene distribution are described.

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Craniometry of Miyako Islanders, the Ryukyus

Jiro IKEDA

1974 Volume 82 Issue 2 Pages 150-160
Published: August 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.82.150

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The author investigated 135 modern skulls without mandible, consisted 85 male, 48 female and 2 sex-unknown, from Nagabaka in Shimajiri district, Hirara city, Miyako Is., the Ryukyus. Nagabaka would be used as the cemetery during the time between one and two centuries ago, judging from the type of ceramics found there and informations from the villagers, etc.
Table 1 shows cranial measurements and indices of Miyako skulls. Comparing craniometrical data of Miyako skulls with those of the various populations (Fig. 1 and Table 2), following results were obtained.
1. Cranial measurements of Miyako Islanders fall within the range of variation for other Ryukyu Islanders and Honshu-Kyushu Japanese. Among Ryukyu Islanders, exept Okinawa-Honto Islander, there are no significant variation. Ryukyu Islanders, however, are different from Honshu-kyushu Japanese in having longer cranial length, lower cranial height, longer facial length, lower upper facial height and bro.der nasal breadth.
2. Ryukyu Islanders, including Miyako, are significantly different from northern populations (Koreans or Chinese in Northern part of China) in most of cranial measurements.
3. They approach to southern populations (Formosa Abroigines or Indonesians) in the facial measurements, and to Sakhalin Ainu in the some measurements of calvaria.

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