[in Japanese]

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In the course of several excavations carried out from 1964 to 1969, some 100 skeletal remains were obtained from the burial sites in north-western Kyushu. These can be dated definitely to middle and early Yayoi period of prehistoric Japan.
Among the skeletal remains collected, the skulls (_??_: 21, _??_:15) and right femurs (_??_:16, _??_:8) were examined anthropologically by the present author.
The main characteristics of these skeletons can be summarized as follows.
1) The skulls of the Yayoi ancients of north-western Kyushu are mesocephalic, orthocephalic and metriocephalic in both sexes. In respect of the averages main calvarial mesurement and indicies, in both sexes, there are no significant difference among the Yayoi people of north-western Kyushu, Mitsu and Doigahama and Jomon people of Tsukumo.
2) The Yayoi people of north-western Kyushu are in both sexes lower in facial and upper facial height than the Mitsu and Doigahama Yayoi people. The mean values of the bizygo-matic and middle facial breadth of both sexes are shown to that in Mitsu and Doigahama. Therefore, the averages facial and upper facial index in north-western Kyushu are shown, in both sexes, to be smaller than that in Mitsu and Doigahama.
Concerning all facial measurements and indicies, the Yayoi people of north-western Kyushu are, in both sexes, relatively similar to Jomon people of Tsukumo.
3) The maximum length of the right femurs, as determined by Pearson's method, suggests that the Yayoi ancients of north-western Kyushu must have averaged 158.79 cm high for males and 147.91 cm high for females.
Concerning estimated stature, the Yayoi people of north-western Kyushu, in both sexes, similar to Tsukumo Jomon people but is shorter tha Yayoi people of Mitsu and Doigahama. 9) The Yayoi skeletons from the sites of north-western Kyushu are characterized by a low face and short stature, namely, they show appearances of Jomon type rather than Yayoi (northern Kyushu) type.

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The humerus of the Sinanthropus is already known as having the narrow deltoid tuberosity with two crests. The present study shows that these characters can also be seen among the European "classic" Neanderthals and that the deltoid tuberosity of the West Asian Neanderthals, such as Amud I, Shanidar I and Skhul IV, also represents two crests but is wider than that of the "classic" Neanderthals and slightly narrower than that of the resent West Asian Lebanese, the latter has three crests in most cases. The narrowness of the tuberosity in the Sinanthropus and the Neanderthal seems to be a character-istic from the evolutional viewpoint. The features of the deltoid tuberosity in the West Asian Neanderthal may approach to that of the Sapiens.

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Stature of Asian peoples in 6 different regions was studied based on the data in MARTIN-SALLER's textbook of anthropology. Peoples are found taller in inland Asia in the middle latitude and in Northwest India, where the climate is rather dry and the land is mostly a desert, steppe or cool highland on which most people lead a nomadic or settled pastoral life. Rice cultivating peoples in Southeast Asia are relatively short. In East Africa, nomadic or pastoral tribes are taller than plant cultivators and collecting and hunting tribes. Correlation coefficients of nations' stature with national average food supplies in 16 European countries are found significant positive with milk and milk products as well as with potatoes and other starchy roots, sugar and syrups, etc. Geographic distribution of stature in France and Spain seems to be related to geology. Geology seemed to effect geographic distribution of stature through drinking water.

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