The objective of this paper is to clarify the following three points: ① the status of use of indoor playgrounds and participation in recreation, ② the changes in life brought about by the use of indoor playgrounds and recreation, and ③ the possibilities and challenges of controlling the living resources of child-rearing families to obtain a play environment after the accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant.

  The research method was to submit questionnaires about the play environment four and a half years after the Great East Japan Earthquake.

  An analysis clarified that 91.7% of parents use indoor playgrounds, but fewer parents participate in recreation compared to those who use indoor playgrounds. The acquisition of external conditions of life changes the internal conditions of the child-rearing family and raises the possibility of controlling the living resources of the child-rearing family. Overcoming greater hurdles in using indoor playgrounds and participating in recreational activities has led to comprehensive and positive changes in lifestyle consciousness.

  Therefore, it is important to guarantee the opportunity for child-rearing families to acquire external conditions of life, to institutionally guarantee participation of the child-rearing families in the process, and to increase the possibility of controlling living resources.

  This longitudinal study was carried out to investigate the relationship between "sense of family meals" (SFM) and psychological well-being at two timepoints (T1 and T2), using data obtained from 469 students at a public junior high school in Gifu. More precisely, this study examined the relationship between T1 meal related factors (i.e., the number of dishes, the number of family members at the table, helping practices) and T2 psychological well-being (i.e., life satisfaction, depression), mediated by T1 meal time communication and SFM. The results found that the number of people at the table was related to meal time communication, and was thus associated with students' levels of life satisfaction and depression, both of which were mediated by SFM. These findings suggested that the T1 formation of SFM had contributed to T2 students' psychological well-being, and that individual SFM played a pivotal role in these models.