Recently, the sexual awareness and sexual behavior among young people have been changing. Sex education is considered necessary at home as well as at school. The author carried out a survey in 1991 on those students studying at a teacher training college about what they regarded the roles of parents. It was revealed in the previous study that many of the students under survey considered sex education was necessary at home. The present study aims to clarify the present state and problems of sex education at home, in relation to school education. The survey was carried out in 1993 on the students of the same teacher training college; 323 males and 367 females were sampled.
The results are as follows :
Many of the students had some kind of sexual troubles and anxieties, but only a limited number of them turend to their parents for help. In fact, many students did not consider it worthwhile to seek help from their parents. Consulting parents about their sexual troubles and anxieties is closely related to the sex education given at home. The students received little sex education from their parents, but many students, as parents, would consider sex education at home necessary. Of the 10 items chosen for investigation, they regarded the physiological and intellectual items especially important. The fact that the students are in favor of the sex education at home shows that they seem to have been greatly influenced by the sex education they received in school.

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The influences of newcomers' entry on oldcomers in a class for 4-year-olds were investigated from the viewpoint of adaptation in transition period. Three oldcomer boys were observed for three preschool months from March to May by means of a videotape recorder and field notes. Changes of playmates, decreases in length of playtime with playmates, and changes of strategies to deal with playmates were found to occur. There was a time lag in the emergence of influences to each of the target boys. The results were interpreted to show that a large change in a new system emerged through interaction of two factors : changes in existing peer groups and influences by newcomers' entry.

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Male rats were fed on a diet supplemented with 10% rice powder (polished Akagome, a reddish rice, or polished Kinuhikari, a nonglutinous white rice) for 42 days.
No significant difference was observed in the feed efficiency ratio and the relative weight of contents in the digestive organs between the diet supplemented with Akagome and that with nonglutinous white rice. The reducing sugar rate in the feces of the rats fed with Akagome powder was the same that of the rats fed with the nonglutinous white rice powder.
The dietary fiber in polished Akagome was 13.7%, and 7.7%in the polished nonglutinous white rice. The carbohydrate gas released from the dietary fiber prepared from the two rice samples was measured in a batch culture with pig cecal bacteria for 24 h at 1 h intervals. The volume of released gas from the Akagome fiber was higher than that from the nonglutinous white rice fiber, indicating that the fermentation quality was different between the two rice fibers.

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The aroma substances in Umeshu (Japanese apricot liqueur) obtained by steam distillation under reduced pressure and from the head-space gas were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The results obtained from liqueur stored for 1, 2 and 5 years were compared to evaluate the change in the aroma composition during storage. Thirty-eight components involving aldehydes, acids, alcohols and esters were identified and determined from the aroma concentrate obtained by steam distillation under reduced pressure, and 22 components were identified in the head-space gas. The head-space gas contained 6 low-boiling-point components which were not detected in the steam-distilled samples, and these components seemed important for evaluating the aroma of Umeshu. The number of components increased with storage, esters in particular increasing markedly in their kind and content. This indicates that the organic acids in Ume fruit were gradually extracted during storage and formed various esters by combining with ethanol that was present in a large amount. Benzaldehyde was the component present in the largest amount, which declined markedly during storage concomitantly with an increase in the amount of benzoic acid, its ester and acetals. This indicates that benzaldehyde was changed into acetals or oxidized to benzoic acid and then to its esters. These results suggest that the aroma substances in Umeshu, which were at first relatively simple in their composition, were changed to a more complex composition during storage. This could be responsible to the flavor of Umeshu becoming mild and characteristic. The results of sensory tests support this suggestion.

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“Kosihikari” and “Takaneminori” rice samples with milling losses of 10, 20 and 30%, and “Yamadanishiki” of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% were studied.
The contents of moisture, crude protein, crude fat and reducing sugar, and the fatty acidity and acidity of an aqueous extract decreased as the milling loss increased, while the percentage moisture uptake of the rice increased and the gelatinization temperature decreased.
The content of protein was high in the epicarp, mesocarp, spermoderm, embryo, alecuron layer and the parts along the starch cell wall, and fat was well distributed in the spermoderm, embryo and alecuron layer. The contetns of crude protein and crude fat was reduced as the milling loss increased.The starch cell wall of the endosperm was broken and starch granules appeared under this condition.
These differences were similar among the three kinds of rice.

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The mantle of frozen-thawed cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) was studied with respect to the change of firmness and structure by heating in boiling water. The mantle muscle was softened by heating according to the shear force value as measured by a rheometer. While an optical microscopic examination indicated that spaces between the muscle cells had been formed by heating, no such spaces were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Thus, the formation of these spaces would have been artificial and caused by heat-induced weakening of the bonding between muscle cells. Additionally, gelatinization rate of the mantle collagen was increased by about 32% after 60 min of heating.
These results show that softening of the cuttlefish mantle by heating was caused by partial gelatinization of collagen between the muscle cells, in addition to their disruption.

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Tooth movement reflects the texture of the food being eaten and gives information on the mastication for foods with different textures. Apparratus for measuring the movement of any tooth during mastication was developed and successfully tested.
Three-dimensional movement of the tooth was deduced from outside the mouth from the change in magnetic field of a small disk magnet fitted on the gum of the tooth being monitored. A Hall prove was used to detect the magnetic field.
Movement of the tooth from the intercuspal position was obtained as a function of time (t, x, y, z) during mastication, where x is horizontal and perpendicular to the row of teeth, y is parallel to the row of teeth, and z is in the up-and-down direction of the teeth or jaw.
The merit of this apparatus is its simplicity and application to any tooth. The apparatus enables the natural action of mastication to be measured, because only the small magnet is needed to fit on the gum of the panelist.

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The Institute of Human and Cultural Research, Kyoritsu Women's University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101The influence of the fabric substrate on soil deposition and removal of artificially soiled cloths, using polyester cloths consisting of single fibers of different deniers and different cross-sectional shapes, called Shingosen, was investigated. In addition, artificially soiled polyester cloths were prepared, containing the soil components of natural soils on shirt collars as determined by composition analysis, using an aqueous dispersion soiling medium. This soiling medium was made up of oily soil, soluble protein, carbon black and clay dispersed in water.
A method for determining detergency was established using the Kubelka-Munk equation and Minato methods in order to avoid the influence of background reflectance. The artificially soiled polyester Shingosen cloths had a higher soil deposition and retention efficiency than other such cloths made from conventional fibers. On the other hand, artificially soiled polyester cloths with approximately 40% reflectance were found to have a high correlation for evaluating the detergency of four kinds of powder detergents as natural facial-wipe polyester cloths in terms of the detergent's soil removal ability.

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[in Japanese]

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