The purpose of this study is to examine what affluence means for the aged having respective views toward their way of life. For this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the consciousness of living of the aged in a hilly and mountainous area, and the replies were processed by principal component analysis as well as covariance structure analysis. The main results are as follows : 1) The concept or sense of affluence was evaluated in terms of Four types of activities, i.e., the income-related activities, the consumption-related activities, the life improvement activities, and the activities to secure against future risks. 2) The activities related to income earning may be divided into two different groups, i.e., whether the aged are included in extended or nuclear families. 3) As to whether or not the aged consider that they lead an affluent life, their absolute evaluation showed a contradictory relation to the relative evaluation of their consciousness. 4) Their sense of affluence seems furthered by the sense of togetherness with their families. 5) Their ability to achieve a high degree of affluence in terms of leading a way of life true to themselves, is limited. 6) Although the method employed had the disadvantage of only being able to draw on a portion of a variety of potential information, a clear comparison of the characteristics of individual households was attained.

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The effects on the cholesterol and fatty acid contents of eggs by the usual cooking procedures were investigated. Both contents were not significantly reduced by wet-cooking procedures such as boiling, poaching, pot-steaming, and making into egg soup. With the dry-cooking procedures, omelet using beaten eggs absorbed cooking oil, while frying and deep-frying, not using beaten eggs, significantly reduced the cholesterol inside the egg yolk membrane. In doughnuts, the efflux of cholesterol from the egg to the cooking oil was at least 32%. These results suggest that nutritional education/management focusing on the cholesterol content of egg dishes is important.

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Similarities have been found among microorganisms in traditional fermented flour foods collected from many places around the world. The sizes and shapes of these microorganisms could be likened to yeast, bacilli and coccus when examined microscopically by the Wright's staining. The gliadin digest by the Bacillus sp. enzyme was more pronounced than that of yeast by SDS electrophoresis, indicating that proteins had been digested by the enzyme produced by the microorganism in the fermented flour foods. Immunoblotting results using pooled sera of patients who had eaten the wheat flour products showed that those who were allergic to 37 kDa and 16 kDa differed with the type of flour product.

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The removal of oily pigment with various water-ethanol solvent mixtures was investigated using soiled cloths that had been prepared by the adhesion of oily pigments (sudan I ·II · III · IV) from CCl₄ solvent to cotton cloths. The removal experiment was carried out using an incubator, and the removal efficiency was determined by K/S value to reflectance of soiled cotton cloths before and after the detergency. The main results obtained are summarized as follows : The degree of removal of sudan decreased in the order I >II>III>IV, and the removal was more difficult in the case of sudan of larger molecular weight. In the case of 24 h at 16°C, the maximum removal degree of oily pigments was attained at 50-100 vol% ethanol in sudan I · II and 80-100 vol% in sudan III · IV. In 20-60% ethanol at each temperature, the degree of removal of sudan III · IV decreased in the order 50°C>35°C>16°C and similar results were obtained for their solubility. The heat of dissolution of sudan from the fiber substrate was calculated in various ethanol solutions. The higher the ethanol content, the lower the heat of dissolution were observed. Therefore, it may be suggested that the heat of dissolution determines the degree of removal of oily pigment. When 1% surfactants (AOS, AE (E.O. = 4)) were added to ethanol 50 vol% solution, the degree of removal increased about of 20-30%, in the case of 1 h at 20°C.

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Brassieres are used to prevent excessive movements of the female breasts, which consist of mammary glands and fat tissue. To obtain basic data for designing good-fitting brassieres, vibration characteristics of the breasts were analyzed in 7 females. The movement of 14 measuring points on the breast surface was monitored during walking and running with and without wearing a transparent brassiere. Frequency characteristics of the breast vibration were analyzed. The frequency of breast vibration had a strong correlation with the stepping frequency. The amplitude of breast vibration was greater during running than during walking, and greater along the vertical axis than along the horizontal axis. Without wearing a brassiere, a negative correlation was noted between the amplitude of breast vibration and the stiffness of the breast. The amplitude was greater in soft breasts than in hard breasts. When wearing a brassiere and in firm breasts, high-frequency components were observed in the waveform of breast vibration.

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Persons with motor impairment often have difficulties in dressing and undressing without assistance. The purpose of this study was to grasp their consciousness toward clothing life, to analyze the difference in consciousness depending on their ages, their characters, and their abilities to dress and undress independently, and to clarify whether they placed a greater emphasis on “design” or “dressing and undressing” when choosing clothes. Research was conducted on 66 women with motor impairment, aged from 20-65 years old and living in the metropolitan area, in 2001. The research was conducted using interviews and questionnaire forms. The results are as follows : 1) Most persons with motor impairment wore ordinary ready-made clothes. 2) Consciousness toward clothing was composed of five factors, “interest in dressing, ” “self-consciousness, ” “possessiveness, ” “sociality, ” and “self-respect.” 3) Those who emphasized “design” when choosing clothes, compared with those who emphasized “dressing and undressing, ” had higher factor scores in “possessiveness, ” “self-consciousness, ” and “interest in dressing.” 4) This research clarified the fact that consciousness toward clothing life was not influenced by whether they could dress and undress without assistance.

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Various kinds of periodical phenomena are observed in the natural world and in the social systems. Even in apparel fashion trends, people feel some periodical changes exist. This paper presented a trial to qualitatively characterize such a periodicity which appeared in apparel fashion trends. For this purpose, numerical data for the length of ladies jackets and skirts proposed in a popular fashion magazine published in Japan from 1960 to 1998 were used. Data were treated with some mathematical techniques including Fourier transformation analysis, self-correlation analysis and common statistical methods. Results obtained are as follows; 1) Comparing the distribution of length for clothes proposed in a given year with the length of the clothing selected by a person as being representative of the year, it was clarified that the length of the representative clothing selected by the person coincided with the mode value for the distribution. 2) Three major changes in the length of jackets and skirts were found over the years, the first change after a periodic time of 10 years, the second after 20 years and the third after 40 years. The change which occurred after 10 years periodicity was the most profound one. 3) The 10-year periodicity may be correlated with the period of use of apparel, while 20-year periodicity may be connected to the length of time which takes for women to develop a mature fashion sense. The 40-year periodicity remains unclear, but it covers two generations and, therefore, is long enough for the revival of an old fashion as a new fashion.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the changes in life stage of the dwellers in a suburban detached housing area in the Tokyo metropolitan area and the trends of their intergenerational living. The residential style and family networks among middle-aged couples and their aged parents are focused on in view of today's aging society and extended life span. The results are as follows : 1) The ratio of couples with parents still living is 80.0-100.0%, 47.8% and 22.2% for couples aged 50-64, 65-69 and 70-74 respectively. Many of those parents are widows, many of whom have lead their widowhood for a long period of time. 2) In this residential area, there was an increase in intergenerational households 10-15 years after development of the area. The reason is that some couples began to take in their aged parents who had been living in other areas. 3) As their parents advanced in age and/or lost their partners, the mutual support and interactions between the surveyed couples and their parents changed into the unilateral support by the couples to the parents and interactions between the two. Noteworthy is those couples born and raised into the Tokyo metropolitan area living near their parents in that their support and interactions with parents are more active than their counterparts from other areas. Thus it is clear that in the suburban detached housing area the changes in the household composition and life-style patterns of middle-aged residents are affected by their parents' aging.

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In this paper, the effect of teacher dress on school children's perceptions was studied. Data were collected from 95 schoolboys and 101 schoolgirls of an elementary school. We showed fourth, fifth, and sixth graders three photographs of a gymnastics suit, casual attire, and a business suit. We then measured the school children's perceptions of six personal characteristics of the teachers and two clothing traits for each of the stimulus photographs. We found that the teacher's dressing style significantly affected the schoolchildren's perceptions. The results obtained are as follows : 1) As a result of comparing three dressing styles, it was found that school children rated the casual attire significantly higher than the gymnastics suit. 2) As for the difference between sexes, it was found that schoolgirls recorded higher mean ratings on (Q 1) like teacher's dress, and (Q 2) images of clothes expressing the teacher, than schoolboys. 3) The business suit was rated significantly higher by fifth grade school-girls than by sixth graders. The gymnastics suit was rated significantly higher by fourth grade school-girls than by sixth grade schoolgirls. 4) The following regression equation was obtained by the use of multiple regression analysis for (Q 1) like teacher's dress, (Q 5) give advice, and (Q 8) teach well, in the case of schoolgirls. Y=0.620 × (Q 5) + 0.610 × (Q 8) -0.996.

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