This study investigates changes in life reform movement and housework, and examines housewives of the Taisho era wearing housework clothes. The magazine Fujin Sekai and other Japanese magazines and books were referred to for this purpose.

  There was a shortage of maids during the Taisho era, so housewives began to do housework themselves. As a result, housewives began to wear housework clothes. The image of a housewife at home was that of a woman doing housework.

  Next, I focused on housewives' kimonos. Kimonos were classified as formal kimonos for ceremonies, clothes for going out, and everyday clothes. Daily wear in the Taisho era gradually improved, as did housework clothes. Better housework wear came to indicate that a housewife had become skilled in doing housework.

  Consumer information on acid cleaning of water stain containing calcium was investigated and the chemical reaction was experimentally verified. The results show that most related consumer information recommended the use of citric acid for water stain removal, but no information referred to precipitation caused by the reaction between citric acid and calcium. Removability of calcium soil with citric acid solution showed the same effectiveness as hydrochloric acid solution and acetic acid solution, but a great amount of precipitation was observed after a long period of mixing citric acid solution with calcium salt. Measurement of pH, Ca concentration (using XRF) and citric acid concentration (using HPLC) indicated that the precipitation is formed by calcium carbonate recrystallization followed by citric ion exchange. This fact indicates invalidity of the so-called “neutralization theory” which is often referred to in consumer information.

  Food among the presents given for Anne Frank's thirteenth birthday on 12 June, 1942, written in The Diary of Anne Frank –The critical edition–, was investigated. Detailed entries about gifts and gift-givers were written, comparing them with The Diary of Anne Frank –The definitive edition–, which was edited for easier reading. Anne celebrated her birthday by receiving 39 gifts from 26 gift-givers including her parents, relatives, friends and acquaintances. Twenty-seven percent of the gifts were food. Flower bouquets, books, and non-commodities such as ornaments and games were given as non-food items. The percentage of sweets among the food items was as high as 82％, and consisted of commercial products such as chocolates, candies and drops, and biscuits sold on the Dutch market. Surrogate coffee, distributed after the occupation, was also given as a gift. Most of the gift-givers were Jews, close to the Frank family, who escaped from Germany and built new lives in Amsterdam in the 1930's. The entries about Anne's 13th birthday revealed her childlike, cheerful life, even under the restrictions of the Germany occupation.

  In this study, a physical fitness / bone mass measurement test and a questionnaire survey involving 172 5th and 6th grade elementary school students in Tokyo were conducted in order to examine factors related to physical fitness, and the relationship between physical fitness and bone mass. As a result, a large percentage of both male and female children who scored high on the physical test enjoyed physical activity during school holidays, and regularly consumed milk and dairy products. Regarding male students, those who scored high on the physical test frequently engaged in physical exercise or sports, and the prevalence of obesity among them was low. Regarding female students, many of those who scored high on the physical test developed a healthy body image and their average time spent being physically active was longer. In addition, a significant positive correlation was observed between the “maximum oxygen uptake”, the parameter used to determine bone mass and whole-body endurance for both male and female students. The causal relationship of factors related to physical fitness must be examined in the future in order to produce data useful for the prevention of future lifestyle-related diseases and decline in activities of daily living.