The purpose of this study is to observe the statistical change of the relationship between women and sericulture which has heretofore been believed very close in the study of folklore as well as history. The data studied were “Cocoon Production Cost” and “Rice Production Cost” published by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan. The results are as follows :
1) The Cocoon Production Cost shows the division of work per process : the total working hours of men and women as well as the hours put in only by women, while, on the other hand, the Rice Production Cost shows no division of work.
2) The hours put in by women in sericulture are longer than by men, the fact of which is quite contrary to the case of rice farming. It should be pointed out that women specialize in the process of raising silkworm.
3) Mechanization of farming has helped reduce working hours of sericulture, and women's working hours have been reduced accordingly.
The women engaged in sericulture may be called sericulture experts. Those administrative divisions related to sericulture should realize the important roles played by women, and extend assistance to the women engaged in sericulture, especially, promoting women's entrepreneurship.

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This study discusses how the aspects of moral supports, i.e., mutual assistance and support systems, shifted in China at the time of drastic change of economic and marketing systems. We conducted questionnaire research in 1988, trying to portray the difference before and after the change. The analytical methods as well as our conclusions are described below :
1) Workforce : Departure from the socialistic regnum required restructuring of economic and marketing systems including the form of employment.
2) Female workers : Noteworthy was the expanded shift of the range of the support systems for female workforce.
3) Social and economic status : It is noted that those in higher hierarchies seem to depend highly on public, marketing systems; different hierarchies seemed to continue to rely on their respective resources.
4) The main shift has occurred from the traditional patriarchal dependence system to a tripartite dependence system consisting of father, children and friends.
5) It appears that the traditional aspect of assistance and support by bondage has continued to exist more or less; the proportional importance of respective support systems has undergone some change.

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This study discusses how the aspects of monetary and material supports in the mutual assistance and support systems shifted in China at the time of drastic change of economic and marketing systems. We conducted questionnaire research in 1998, trying to portray the difference before and after the change. The analytical methods as well as our conclusions are described below :
1) Patriarchal “jia” system : It appears that the traditional value of filial duty has been revived, centering around the tripartite pillars of Parents, Children, and Brothers not living together.
2) Stronger blood ties : Monetary and material help rather than moral assistance seemed to have increased, strengthening blood ties centering around Parents, Children and Borthers not living together.
3) In terms of work classification, strong correspondence was noted only for monetary matters.
4) Females as a whole seemed more dependent; their relations with friends seemed to have undergone some change so far as the subject matter is concerned.
5) Social status : Those in higher hierarchies seemed more advantageous. Those in lower hierarchies seemed less advantageous, but they were receiving more assistance from friends.
6) Financial status : Work environment seemed to have worsened even for those in higher hierarchies. Noteworthy was the deterioration of work environment for middle class females and low class males.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify what sorts of environmental awareness and behaviors teachers have, on the basis of mailed questionnaires targeted to elementary and junior high school teachers all over Japan. First of all, we attempted to clarify the relationships between their awareness regarding global warming issues and their environmental behaviors in daily life. Secondly, clarification was sought of differences of their volition as well as practice in environmental education. The main findings are as follows :
1) By factor analysis, three factors were found in each of their awareness and behavior. Their awareness of the global warming issues were classified as “Social Awareness, ” “Action Awareness, ” and “Crisis Awareness, ” while their daily behaviors were classified as “Energy Saving Behavior, ” “Traditional Knowhow Behavior, ” and “Positive Crisis Preventing Behavior.”
2) The six factors mentioned above were analyzed by cluster analysis, and five clusters were obtained, i.e., “Active, ” “Uninterested, ” “Saving, ” “Principled, ” and “Crisis” clusters.
3) Finally, the five clusters were respectively analyzed in terms of the differences of practice and volition in environmental education. As a result, the “Active” teachers were understandably more active in environmental education practice and had stronger will to enforce environmental education than those in other clusters, while, it was noted, the teachers in the “Uninterested” and “Saving” clusters were less active in practice and had less will to enforce environmental education.

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We investigated the psychological effects of eating among college students by analyzing what and how they eat affect their feelings of satisfaction. The research was conducted with a questionnaire to ask their eating behavior and feelings of satisfaction, particularly about breakfast, lunch and supper. The results obtained were as follows :
1) The students usually valued table setting and table communication during eating. And the consciousness about preference, economical value and fashion and epicure affected actual food choice of the students.
2) The consciousness about eating, eating behaviour and the feeling of satisfaction varied with sex and/or individual's ideas. Factors related to the psychological comfort differently affected the feeling of satisfaction at breakfast, lunch or supper.
3) As a result, it was considered that the physiological comfort caused by feeling of repletion and the psychological comfort caused by the consciousness about preference and healthiness contributed the feeling of satisfaction about eating.

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The capillary wetting rates of water/ethanol mixtures into fibrous assemblies were determined from the changes in weight due to wetting. Silica filters untreated and silanized with three silane coupling agents, γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) and perfluoroethyltri-methoxysilane (FETMS), were used as fibrous assemblies. The advancing contact angles on a silica single fiber and the surface free energies for water/ethanol mixtures were measured by the Wilhelmy and the pendant drop techniques, respectively. A strip of the silica filter was suspended from the arm of the electrobalance and the weight was automatically recorded during the contact of the lower edge of the strip with water/ethanol mixtures. The weight of water/ethanol mixtures penetrated into the silica filter increased with time and showed saturation. The weight was converted into volume using the density of water/ethanol mixtures, and was used as a measure of the capillary wetting rate. The rates were found to depend on the contact angle, the surface free energy and the viscosity of water/ethanol mixtures. By comparing the results of the untreated filter with those of the silanized filters, it was shown that the viscosity of water/ethanol mixtures in the vicinity of the fiber surface was associated with the capillary wetting rate.

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A wearing test for 15 different samples was performed on 10 female subjects to investigate the factors involved in the general comfort sensation of tights. In addition, the clothing pressure exerted by the tights was measured using a modified air bag system. The factors affecting comfort and comfortable clothing pressure of tights were analyzed. The results are as follows.
1) The sensation of 'Comfort' in wearing tights correlated with that of 'Wearing ease, ' 'Compressive sensation' and 'Mobility.' These sensations related to the values of WT₁, WT₂, EMT₂, WC and SMD in their mechanical properties. This shows that the more roughness, extensibility and compression tights have, the better thier comfortability.
2) 'Compressive sensation on the abdomen, thigh, fossa poplitea, calf and ankle' correlated closely with the clothing pressure exerted on those parts. Furthermore, it is on the front abdomen, the back abdomen, the front thigh and the back calf respectively that the clothing pressure exerted by the tights related to the sensation of 'Comfort.' Therefore, the clothing pressure on these parts is important in designing comfortable tights.
3) Clothing pressure can be felt on each part. Furthermore, both the sensations of comfort and discomfort can be estimated by the low clothing pressure within a range of 0.1-0.3 kPa.
4) The pressure levels of comfortable tights were 0.18 kPa on the front abdomen, 0.28 kPa on the back abdomen, 0.35 kPa on the front thigh and 0.49 kPa on the back calf, respectively. The pressure levels of tights on the thigh and calf were about 0.2 kPa lower than those of panty hose.

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In order to clarify the effects of mean pressure on the compressive sensation of women's underwear, subject values obtained from a wearing test were analyzed with mean clothing pressure on a dummy. Total compressive sensation and comfort of long or half sleeve underwear were respectively related to the compression on the back, chest, abdomen, upper arm and forearm. In addition, they were related to the contact area and the mean pressure on the dummy. The values of feeling compression on the chest, back and upper arm of the long or half sleeve underwear were approximate, and were about 0.1 kPa. These values of mean clothing pressure were 0.046 kPa on the long sleeve type of women's underwear and 0.025 kPa on the short sleeve type. Furthermore, the significant equations for mean clothing pressure of underwear were obtained by the multiple regression method using the pressure of the chest and forearm.

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The VOCs sampled in a newly-built house were determined to belong to a certain number of types when their pattern of concentration was studied; VOCs change their concentration pattern over a long period of time. In this paper, we aim to classify VOCs into three pattern groups, on the premise that those VOCs showing similar transition characteristics must belong to the same group. We respectively selected a representative compound for each classified type in order to verify the process of transition statistically with a view to proposing a new method creating a representing index of VOC concentration indoors, which, we believed, would contribute to precise evaluation of the degree of air pollution. As a result, we obtained three types of groups described below :
Type 1 : VOC concentration, relatively high at the time of the completion of the house, rapidly decreased its concentration thereafter.
Type 2 :. VOC concentration, relatively low at the time of the completion of the house, tended to decrease overall although a process of increasing and decreasing had been repeated in the meantime.
Type 3 : Some VOCs we measured showed a single peak at a certain time during our measuring period.
Our method was verified to have statistical significance. Ethylbenzene was selected as the compound representing Type 1 and styrene as representing Type 2. Classifying VOCs into different groups and selecting those representating respective groups from the viewpoint of their pattern of concentration transition should be considered a significant method.

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