This study aimed to make clear whether cognitive discrepancies in the assessment of adolescents' behavior between female adolescents themselves and their parents have a negative effect on emotional experiences in adolescence. First, adolescents' emotional experiences were assessed by means of a home environment questionnaire. Then, cognitive discrepancies, identified according to differences in ratings of the adolescents' behavior, were examined in relation to actual emotional experiences. The results indicated the following : when compared with their parents' cognition, (1) the adolescents tended to see their parents as indulgent to them or, even indifferent, (2) the adolescents tended to show dissatisfaction with their own behavior and (3) larger discrepancies were observed among adolescents in relatively poor home environmental conditions. These results suggest that solution of discrepancies would improve the conditions of the home environment, that is, the adolescents' emotional experiences. The necessity of active interaction between adolescents and their parents for the solution of discrepancies is also discussed.

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There were 2 purposes for this study. One of them was to find out the difference between the fathers' recognition of their children's attachment object and the mother's, and the other was to study the factors which influence the parents' recognition of their children's attachment object. The subjects were 665 pairs of parents who had a child or children going to nursery schools. The survey was carried out in 14 different everyday situations. The results were as follows :
1) Both the fathers and the mothers think that their children consider the mothers more largely as attachment objects than the fathers.
2) The fathers think that they are more important for their children as the attachment objects than the mothers think the fathers are, and vice versa.
3) It was found that their children's genders and ages as well as their wives' occupations have a very strong influence over the fathers' recognition.
4) It was found that their children's ages and their own occupations have a great influence over the mothers' recognition while their children's genders and mother-child contact time have a moderate influence.

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In order to clarify the effect of buckwheat floour on lipid metabolism, the lipid levels of plasma and liver in rats were investigated to compare the diets containing 66% buckwheat flour or amino acid mixture corresponding amount to 66% buckwheat flour with a diet containing 10% casein.
There was no significant difference in the levels of cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in plasma between the rats fed with buckwheat flour diet and those fed with casein diet. In case of diet containing cholesterol, however, the levels of plasma cholesterol in rats fed diets containing buckwheat flour and its amino acid mixture were significantly lower than those of rats fed diets containing casein and its amino acid mixture. Feeding of diet containing buckwheat flour caused an increase in the triglyceride level of liver than that of diet containing casein, and the similar result was obtained on the amino acid mixture corresponding to casein and buckwheat flour.
When the cystine level in amino acid mixtures corresponding to buckwheat flour was adjusted to the level of 10% casein, an increase in plasma cholesterol and a decrease in liver triglyceride caused by the diet.
The results indicated that buckwheat flour had a repressive effect on with incidence of exogenous hypercholesterolemia and an accumulating effect of triglyceride on the liver. The fact that these effects were also caused by the feeding of amino acid mixtures corresponding to buckwheat flour suggested that amino acid composition of buckwheat flour might be involved in these effects.

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Goishi-cha, a kind of the post-heating fermented tea, is produced locally at the remote and secluded place in the mountains of Kochi prefecture in Japan. The present study was undertaken to investigate the changes of components in Goishi-cha during the manufacturing process. Optical density of the tea infusion at 380nm increased, but the amounts of catechins in the infusion decreased during becoming moldy.
The presence of lactic acid was found after fermentation. The amounts of the aroma constituents, especially, acetic acid, linalool oxide (cis-furanoid) and benzylacetate increased, and the amounts of amino acids decreased with proceeding of the process, however, chain branched amino acids, especially leucine, were increased during the anaerobic fermentation in the bucket.

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Cracking often occurs on the top, inside and outside surfaces of a doughnut during deep frying. The extent of cracking determines general preference of doughnuts. We have reported the cracking mechanism that when, during frying, the internal pressure of dough overcame the cracking pressure of the surface layer, the crust broke and cracked. Our report suggested that the cracking could be controlled by making the cracking pressure higher than the internal pressure, i.e., by changing the curvature of the doughnut. We changed the size of a dough sample with the following results : although the inside cracking still took place with every dough sample used, when the height and the outer diameter of the dough sample were made smaller, the outside cracking was not observed. The top cracking was also prevented when the outer diameter of the dough sample was made smaller.

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River die-away tests with the riverwater collected from the Tama river were used to examine biodegradability of nonionic surfactants, mono alkyl poly (oxyethylene) ether (AE). The progress of biodegradation was followed by the measurement of the loss of total organic carbon (TOC), cobalt thiocyanate active substance (CTAS), and the analysis of dissolved oxygen (DO). The following results were obtained.
1) We found that degrees of both primary and ultimate biodegradation of AE could be obtained by the measure of the loss of TOC alone.
2) At 20°C of incubation temperature, AE was biodegraded into inorganic compounds in relatively short period. And, the initial biodegradation rates of AE decreased as carbon chain length increased, but the ultimate biodegradation rates were barely dependent on it. The effect of adducted number of ethylene oxide of AE was not evident.
3) At 10°C, the subsequent lag time after primary biodegradation was longer than that at 20°C. Certain amount of organic carbon still remained after 30 day incubation. AEs which had the longer carbon chain and the more EO units made this tendency the more evident.
4) The higher initial concentration decreased biodegradation rates of AE in test water using riverwater.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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