The purpose of this paper is to clarify the actual conditions of the modernization of food consumption and food style of both Korea and Japan, and to clarify with the method of covariance analysis whether there are differences between the two countries.
The major findings are as follows :
Comparing the F value of the adjusted constant term, difference was shown with fruit, meat, beef, pork and eggs among modern food items while no difference was seen with chicken.
Some outstanding differences were found despite the finding that the food modernization pattern in Korea is more or less the same as that in Japan.

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The function of preschoolers communication by preschoolers in relation to visiting each other is examined. Their activities during the 2-year preschool education were recorded on videotape. Studying their chit-chat on the tape, we identified the reference to visiting each other. Date were analyzed from three aspects, that is, a contextual factor, topic-making pattern, and human relations in preschool.
The preschoolers managed to visit each other in various contexts in their free time. By analyzing topic-making patterns, we found that their reference meant a lot more than simply making arrangements for visiting. More often than not, the reference was made in order to show close relations to their peers for instance. It was also used as threat. The reference to visiting each other was influenced by human relations in the kindergarten. The results suggest that the reference to visiting each other is important for preschoolers to maintain good peer relations.

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Forty-one target pairs of 1-year-old children and their mothers were divided into two groups by SSP : a group consisting of children who could be separated from their mothers and the other group consistinig of children who could not be separated. Then, the distress degree, the distance between mothers and their children, their latency periods of both attachment and exploratory behaviors were analyzed. The results were as follows :
1) It was proved evident that mother-child distance would become significantly diminished as they were reunited after experiencing distress.
2) In a both-of-them-in-the-same-room situation, the mother-child distance of the separable pairs was significantly longer than that of the non-separable pairs.
3) It was proved evident that the mother-child distance in a mother-child-in-the-same-room situation would serve as a better indicator of child distress than that in the mother-child-not-in-the-same-room situation.
4) The children in the separable group could obtain emotional stability through distance interaction with their mothers as well as short-time attachment behaviors, which means there is a possibility to expand mother-child distance in the separable pairs.

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We measured energy expenditure on several kinds of housework in a laboratory simulation and at home with a portable telemetry system. We also used a heart rate monitor and a pedometer to investigate a simple and precise method for estimating energy expenditure on low-intensity daily activities such as housework.
Housework requiring high energy expenditure caused a high heart rate, and that needing less energy expenditure resulted in a correspondingly lower heart rate. There were no marked differences in either energy expenditure or RMR with those figures reported in the past.
With such tasks as rubbing walls and mopping floors, energy expenditure doing these tasks hard was significantly greater than when doing them lightly. Energy expenditure in a standing position for such tasks as cooking and sweeping was relatively low, while jobs in a semi-squatting posture such as wiping the stairs with a damp cloth expended more energy than when weeding a garden.
Under actual home conditions, the subjects did several kinds of housework, energy expenditure on such mixed housework being 0.044±0.006 kcal/kg·min.
When seeking a simple and precise method for estimating energy expenditure in daily life, using the heart rate resulted in overestimation, while the pedometer significantly underestimated in comparison with the figures from the portable telemetry system.

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The purpose of this paper is to establish a method of estimating the pattern shape (lengths and angles) of a roll collar from a fashion illustration. First, we made 132 kinds of patterns for roll collars, changing the depth of the collar line, collar width, and collar angle. Then we made clothes with such collars, and measured those figures by measuring each relevant length and angle. Then we took photographs, traced their outlines on paper, and used them as fashion illustrations. The task of making patterns from a fashion illustration is divided into two processes. The first is to grasp the three-dimensional length from the two-dimensional fashion illustration, and the second is to accurately estimate the pattern shape and length based on that data. Thus, we examined those two processes separately. The relationship between the information from a fashion illustration and each real shape is too complicated to explain by simple regression analysis. Likewise, the relationship between each real figure and collar pattern shape is also complicated. However, using multiple regression analysis, we could clarify their relationship and make some equations to estimate pattern shapes from a fashion illustration.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that affect the formation of a community in the way of trying not to isolate themselves at home, establishing communication with neighbors, taking part in the resident organization and community activities, and utilizing assembly halls.
For investigation, I studied the actual conditions of the community life and the residents' perception of condominiums. The following are the conclusions obtained.
Community life is affected by a number of factors; the type of housing, sex, age, occupation, length of residence, and so on. For example, women go out more often than men, and the jobless persons more often than those with job. The communication with other residents reaches a certain level in about ten years of residence. Interest in or concern about the resident organization is higher among the residents of older age; most actively taking part in community activities are those in their 40s.
Quantification method II was used for analysis, which shows that the residents' attitude to communication is determined by, first, the age of youngest child, second, the frequency of going out of home, and third, the participation in community activities.

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Unrefined cane and palm sugar produced in Asia comes from cane juice and from the sap of the palm tree. The iron content and its chemical forms of such unrefined sugar on the market were studied. The iron content was relatively high, although it varied from product to product.
The amounts of soluble and ionic iron were measured in each sugar product, over 50% of ionic iron being the ferrous type.
The presence of ferrous iron in unrefined sugar is attributable to the reducing activity that results from the non-enzymic browning reaction of reducing sugar with amino compounds.

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The dynamic viscoelastic properties of poly (p-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) /cellulose propionate (CP) blend were measured. The broken surface of the films was observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The following results were obtained. 1) The dynamic modulus (E′) of melt-quenched blend film is between those of PHB and CP. 2) The loss modulus (E″) for the blend showed broad a dispersion and the loss factor (tan δ) for the blend is kept as a high value above the glass transition temperature of PHB homopolymer. It implies some interaction occurs between both polymers in the blend. 3) The structure of the as-cast blend in the SEM photographs shows a texture with voids in which a lot of small grains (sub-micrometer) cohere exist. 4) The structure of the melt-quenched blend in the SEM photographs shows a matrix consisted of comparably smooth texture.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the current living conditions and major problems faced by the returnees from China and their families. This paper discusses the conditions and problems faced by the returnees in Hyogo which was devastated by the Great Hansin-Awaji Earthquake, while referring to some cases in Kyoto.
The survey results are as follows : Less than 70 % of the returnees in Hyogo are accommodated in public housing, which may be compared to more than 90% in Kyoto. Those returnees who live in Kyoto are more satisfied with their houses and communities than their counter-parts in Hyogo. Differences in lifestyle and customs as well as language difficulties seem to affect strongly their level of satisfaction. For improving their living conditions, it is of prime importance to advise them on how to adjust to live in Japan, learning the differences between Japan and China. Facilities must also be provided to returnees in learning Japanese.

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