The purpose of this paper is to clarify the account-structure and significance on receipt-disbursement statement derived from single entry, concerning with “Family Account Book” used at the Family Income and Expenditure Survey by Statistics Bureau Management Coordination Agency.
The results are as follows : (1) the account-structure is composed three calculating elements, which are not only receipt and disbursement but cash on hand as a stock, (2) it is a confusion that income and expenditure are defined by increase or decrease in asset, even though asset-concept itself does not exist in this structure, (3) this statement is significant for cash flow account from a household management point of view.

View full abstract

The present researcher, previously, surveyed and analyzed the home managerial abilities of current housewives.
Through those studies, it was recognized there should be the necessity of some education to develop home managerial ability of housewife. Therefore, this paper was proposed as a report on the social education of 171 housewives who reside in 7 districts of the metropolitan area.
Home managerial ability before and after the guidance was investigated in order to evaluate the development of education. The method of this study is the same as the previous works.
The followings are the major findings :
1) Home managerial ability can be developed by the social education.
2) Large or small of learning group exerts some influence on the effect of development.
3) Learning motivation of housewives undergoes influence on the effect of development.
4) Teaching style also undergoes some influence on the effect of development.

View full abstract

“Jung-Pyun” is a traditional steamed rice cake made of rice powder, sugar and yeast in Korea.
A series of the “Jung-Pyun” samples were prepared according to the experimental design of L₁₆ orthogonal table in which five factors of two levels selected from the preliminary experiments were used. Factors and levels were particle size of rice powder (120 and 350 μm), weight of added water (80 and 100% of rice powder), weight of added sugar (12.5 and 25.0% of rice powder), fermentation time (3 and 6 hr) and weight of a sample for steaming (40 and 80 g).
The quality of the steamed samples were estimated by the expansion ratio, the number of air cells (diameter of 1-2 mm and over 2 mm), the firmness, the modulus of elasticity and the coefficient of viscosity.
The five factors used were significantly effective to some of the measured items. Particle size affected the size and the number of air cells, the firmness, the modulus of elasticity and the coefficient of viscosity. Sugar and water content affected the expansion ratio, the number of air cells, the firmness, the modulus of elasticity and the coefficient of viscosity, while fermentation time affected the expansion ratio, the firmness and the modulus of elasticity. The weight of a sample also affected the firmness.
From these results, we conclude that “Jung-Pyun” in good quality, which is soft, expanded, and having desirable air cells is obtained when we use the rice powder of smaller particle size and take short fermentation time and use the larger amounts of sugar and water, and the larger weight of a sample for steaming.

View full abstract

The measurements of 48 items on human postures from side view contours for 53 young females were analyzed by the principal component analysis, and the results were compared with those of our previous study. Next, whether the same effects were obtained or not by a small number of items were examined.
The following results were obtained.
1) Two principal components of human postures which were the same as we extracted at the previous study were extracted. We noted a significant correlation between factor loadings of these two studies. It shows that the result of our previous study has a reproducibility.
2) Fifteen items measurements were selected from 48 items and analyzed. The results were the same as those from 48 items measurements. It is considered that the validity of selected 15 items was established.
It can be considered as these results are useful to understand the individual posture and make up for fitting clothing.

View full abstract

Three kinds of straight skirts and a flare skirt were compared to investigate the garments restriction in movements.
From the record of footprints of walking, the stride length was found to be affected by garments, but the stride width was not affected.
Lower limb movements during going up and down stairs were measured two dimensionally, by using sequence photographs. The movement of the foot and the knee joint during going up stairs differed with each skirt, but, in the case of going down stairs, the movement was not affected by the kinds of skirts.
The sensory test to decide good walking condition of the skirt were examined. The judgments were transformed into cumulative frequency to perform variance analysis.
The suitable slit of the straight skirt for natural walking was found to be at 10 cm up on wearer tibiale.

View full abstract

The purpose of this study is to make clear the outline about a housing ideal that the present-day young adults imagine in relation to their housing careers and life-styles. In this survey, women college students who live in Tokyo, Osaka, Toyama and Ehime Prefectures were inquired (about 200 samples per one region). Most of them were born or have been grown up in the owner-occupied houses of middle class.
The results are as follows.
1) It is often said that the present-day young adults are free from traditions and established values, but in our survey they were acknowledged to be rather conservative as a whole.
2) On the assumption that they have grown up in the owner-occupied houses, most of the young adults have an ideal of owner-occupied detached house with its own yard under their subconsciousness and they have much stronger image than that the older generations (housewives) have.
3) A housing ideal of the young adults relates in its background to their housing careers, conservative ways of thinking and the Japanese identity.
4) An ideal of the owner-occupied detached house with its own yard is also reproduced by the present-day young adults who have grown up in the owner-occupied houses.

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract