Gray-level image analysis was applied to measure the morphological feature parameters for silhouette and surface texture images of five types of skirts (tight, gathered, flared, circular, and pleated) produced in full size and half size. Because morphological features are defined as any spatial pattern of gray-level intensities, the angular second moment (ASM), correlation (COR), contrast (CON), and entropy (ENT) extracted from the gray-level co-occurrence matrix were calculated as the morphological feature parameters. The similarity between the silhouette images of the five types of skirts produced in full size and half size was subjectively evaluated according to the rating scale method. Similarities and differences were discussed in relation to the morphological feature parameters. By comparing the morphological feature parameters for the silhouettes of the five types of skirts in the full size and half size, it was established that the skirt silhouettes in the half size could reproduce those in the full size.

  Frequency analysis was applied to characterize the beauty and comfort of silhouettes and surface textures for tight, gathered, flared, circular, and pleated skirts in full and half sizes. The two-dimensional (2D) power spectrum of the skirt image captured by a digital camera was transformed by the Fourier method. A one-dimensional (1D) power spectrum, P(f), was obtained from the radial frequency (f) distribution of the 2D power spectrum. Because there was a good linear relationship between log P(f) and log f for all the skirts used in this study, we estimated the slope of a line, α, for each of them. The α-value is the coefficient of the 1/f^α fluctuation. The tendency of the difference in the beauty between full-size and half-size in silhouettes and textures for the five types of skirts was discussed in relation to the α value.

  The purpose of this study was to clarify the actual situation and awareness of dietary habits of male university students and to examine dietary suggestions for maintaining and promoting health. In December 2019, 124 male university students (20.0 ± 0.7 years old) were compared by residential type in December 2019. The frequency of breakfast intake was significantly lower in the single household group (60 persons) than in the two-or-more-person household group (64 persons) (p = 0.046). The single household group used “canned food” significantly more than the two-or-more-person household group (p = 0.029). The single household group was willing to spend 200 yen for breakfast, 500 yen for lunch, and 750 yen for dinner. Meal preparation time was 10 minutes for breakfast, 20 minutes for lunch, and 30 minutes for dinner, with no significant difference by type of residence. In proposing meals to male university students in single households, it is important to consider the forms and amounts of foods that are readily available and the time required to prepare meals.

  The current study investigated the residence of the Dawur, an ethnic minority group in China. The focus of the study was the Dawur raising cattle in Ewenki Autonomous Banner in Inner Mongolia. The paper aimed to examine the basic family situation, including cattle-breeding styles, sources of income, types of baishin houses, changes in baishin house layout, names and usages of the rooms, and the use of heaters.

  The target families all own baishin houses. They raise domestic sheep, cattle and horses on pasture around residential areas, in cattle sheds, on town lands, gacya lands, the lands of their cattle-breeding employers, and the lands borrowed from others. Their sources of income include pensions, herdsmen salaries, allowances, and income from migrant labor and work done on dairy cow farms.

  There are three main types of baishin houses according to the extensions and the positions of the entrances. In Ewenki Autonomous Banner, baishin houses are characterized by their extensions on the north, east and west sides of the original house, with most entrances facing south, north and east. Baishin houses were analyzed according to the new construction, extension and reconstruction during four different periods since the Land Allocation Policy took effect. The results showed that before the Land Allocation Policy, baishin houses had their entrances on the south side. However, most baishin houses have had their entrances and extensions on the north since the Policy started.

  The study shows that rooms are named in Mongolian mostly according to their usages. Hanji and Jyoha have always been in baishin houses, while Hucyann came into use after Hanji and Nounchi were installed in baishin houses built after 2008.