In Japan, the basic values of early childhood education and care (ECEC) changed after the Course of Study for Kindergartens in 1989. This study aimed to clarify what sort of values teachers depend on to make a practice plan. The year 1999 was a time when a written policy for childcare could have been entrenched in teachers' values. This is meaningful when examining how teachers' values would change under this policy. My questionnaire consists of forty items based on the results of a pilot survey (free answers) of eighteen teachers (3 from Tokyo, 15 from Gunma Prefecture), and the research results of Hori (1997) and Sugimura et al. (1991). This study adds two items, organization and facility, to the analysis in order to clarify what conditions determine the optimum development of teachers as they gain experience. The results do not disregard previous research concerning the attitudinal changes as one gains experience.

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  The results of intervention studies on micronutrient deficiency implemented in Nepal were reviewed as the first step to considering the necessary nutritional programs for the Nepalese. A PubMed search was performed, with the key words of “Nepal” and “micronutrient”, to identify the nutritional intervention appropriate to the Nepalese, conducted by a randomized controlled trial (RCT), and published in English prior to April 2013. Forty articles covering twelve studies were involved in this review. The post-1989 studies were aimed at decreasing mortality and morbidity of children, adolescent girls, and pregnant women by using vitamin A, zinc, iron and other micronutrients. This micronutritional supplementation was consistently effective, suggesting that additional strategies like fortification and food-based dietary modification may be necessary in the future. The targeting of female participants and an economic evaluation should also be considered.

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  Respite care services are support care services. These can include a provision for short-term care for frail elderly people in nursing homes. This type of service helps home caregivers to reduce what could be described as ‘care fatigue’.
  In this study, I analyze two investigations (from 1999 and 2011) about home caregivers. And I consider the subject of respite care services and how they can be developed in order to support the community lives of both home caregivers and the elderly.
  Home caregivers are able to rest, physically and mentally, by taking advantage of respite care services. And, because of this, caregivers are able to continue with home care, and to participate in social activities. However, there is a drawback. When the elderly spend several days in a nursing home, their mind-and-body level may go into decline. The decline of their physical and mental health may result in increased pressure on home caregivers.
  In other words, although the present respite care services can provide home caregivers with rest in the short term, it could also lead to some home caregivers giving up home caring in the long run. Therefore, respite care services require respite for home caregivers, and special care for the elderly. Furthermore, respite care services require that the services provided are managed in accordance with the situation of home caregivers and the elderly.

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