The purpose of this paper is to find out what kind of working and home-life environment makes career-track women feel that they want to quit their career. Sampled in this study were 247 people; 140 career-track women, either graduates of T college or N women's university, and their husbands. The conclusions are as follows. (1) The career-track women, whether they are presently working or not, feel that it is too hard to keep on working to build career while taking responsibility as mother. (2) Career-track women who are not working feel that they should not get back to work while their children are young. (3) Discrimination in the place of their work is an important factor that makes them think twice about continuing to work.

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In order to examine the decolorization of dyeing effluent by an enzyme, aqueous solutions of eight commercial azo dyes (C.I. Direct Green 59, C.I. Direct Blue 15, C.I. Reactive Black 5, C.I. Direct Blue 6, C.I. Direct Black 51, C.I. Direct Red 2, C.I. Direct Violet 48, and C. I. Direct Black 22) were treated with bilirubin oxidase (BO). Efficient decolorization of the former six dyes was confirmed by measuring the visible and UV absorption spectra of the dye solution in the presence of the enzyme, but that of the latter two dyes, C.I. Direct Black 22 and C.I. Direct Violet 48 was not efficient. Also HPLC was introduced to measure decolorization of dyes. The chromatograms showed that the decomposition of the eight dyes started immediately after the addition of the enzyme. The decolorization ratios calculated from the peak areas in the chromatograms were ca. 100% for first the six dyes and 90% for that last two dyes.

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Effects of antibacterial agent on the antibacterial properties of polypropylene (PP) plates were examined quantitatively under the aspect of actual use. Silver-ion supported by zeolite (AgZL) was used as the antibacterial agent. The PP specimens containing AgZL were prepared by the injection molding method. The antibacterial property of the specimens was evaluated by using used bath water as a test bacteria body. Secretion liquids from the human body such as urine, saliva and sweat were also used for the test bacteria bodies by using artificial liquids. The following appeared from the experimental results. The antibacterial activity value of the specimen containing 0.5 wt% of AgZL was greater than 2 for the contact time of 12 h of used bath water. The antibacterial activity value decreased with increased contact time for the artificial sweat and urine. In particular, the decreased rate was larger for the artificial urine. However, the antibacterial activity value was almost constant against the contact time in the case of artificial saliva. It is concluded that the antibacterial property depends largely on the sodium chloride concentration in the secretion liquid because of the elusion effect of sodium chloride on the silver-ion in AgZL.

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George Sand (1804-76) is recognized as a beauty in male attire as well as a French female romantic novelist. The purpose of this thesis is to find out the reason behind her disguising herself. The methodology used is to pick out and examine the sentences mentioning clothes in her letters collection. There are several different ways in which she uses masculine disguise, and the author focuses on when she uses disguise for political activities as a republican ideologist in 1835. In her masculine disguise, there is a feature that was neither a male imitation nor an expression of female character. Her male attire can be related to her usual, simple female attire which had no affectation and no vanity, and was not intended to flatter. Viewed in this light, we must pay close attention to the connection between her dressing as a man and the thought of liberating women.

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The measurements of formaldehyde concentrations and the investigations on the mode of living in student dormitories were carried out with the purpose of understanding the relationship between the living style and the actual indoor air pollution by chemical substances. As for the formaldehyde concentrations, the detector tube and the DNPH-passive method were used. The formaldehyde concentrations tended to decrease as years passed. However, four to five years after construction; the concentrations sometimes exceeded the guidelines (0.08 ppm). Specifically the concentrations tended to become high under high temperatures in summer when air-conditioners were in use. However, it was possible to reduce them by keeping the windows open or turning on ventilation fans. Therefore, along with the adequate choice of building materials and their quantity, due consideration for ventilation by residents is deemed effective and preventive against high exposure to chemical substances.

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This study focuses on the filial responsibility from the viewpoint of the middle-aged household living apart from their parents. Furthermore, we examined the exchage conditions of the middle-aged household with the local community as well as their consciousness on the life support for elderly residents, while aiming to obtain the basis to improve the living environment of the coming aged society in Taiwan. The main results are as follows : (1) Where both parents are in fine health, they tend to live apart from their adult children. Where a parent is in fine health, the ratio of those living independently and those living with their adult children is similar. It may be safely said that elderly parents today tend to live independent from their children. (2) With respect to the consciousness of parent-caretaking, the Confucianism culture of Taiwan seems to influence the middle-age children in taking care of their aged parents. (3) As to the future dwelling style, the number of the middle-aged parents intending to depend on their children is decreasing, i.e., there appears an increasing trend to live independent from their children. As the birth rate tends to decrease remarkably, it is urgently needed to deal with the care problem of the elderly from the standpoint of the society as a whole for the benefit of the next generation of senior citizens. (4) With the aim of creating conditions for the independence of the elderly in the future and promoting their active participation in the society, it becomes strongly important to support exchange activities involving different generatios.

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This paper aims to analyze the impacts on consumers by the closure of large-scale shopping stores. Studied were how their shopping behavior changed, to what degree they got satisfaction from shopping after the closure, and what types of consumers were most affected. 1) Most affected may be the elderly people living near the city center who used to frequent the closed large-scale shopping center that was within walking or cycling distance from their homes. 2) The consumers had to change their shopping place to supermarkets or suburban shopping centers, and their choice of stores changed from preference to convenience; in other words, some consumers have only limited choice. 3) The elderly consumers living near the city center must feel inconvenience and their shopping satisfaction should be much less than before. 4) It should be pointed out that the opening of suburban large-scale shopping centers are often linked with their closure in the city center. If businesses have their mind on the interests of customers, they should investigate in what way a closure of their business at one place would affect their customers; they should try to balance their interest against their customers' interest.

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Information was obtained on the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the mechanical properties and water-holding capacity of gel-type protein foods such as cheese, udon noodle, fish cake and custard pudding containing 0, 0.01 or 0.1% HA. A shelf test was also conducted in order to investigate the effects of HA on the water loss. The addition of 0.1% HA to cheese increased its elasticity under small deformation, but reduced the springiness under large deformation. HA did not markedly suppress the water loss. The addition of 0.1% HA to udon noodles increased their elasticity under small deformation, and the plastic-deformation element of the stress-strain curve became elongated. HA also suppressed the water loss. The addition of 0.1% HA to fish cakes markedly reduced their springiness under large deformation, and eliminated the tenderness. The water loss was suppressed by adding HA. The addition of only 0.01% HA to custard pudding caused marked changes in various physical properties. HA at 0.1 % eliminated the yield point, while at 0.01%, HA suppressed the water loss.

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We investigated the physical properties and sensory attributes of chicken breast meat heated by vacuum cooking (VC) to compare with those by boiling cooking (BC) when the meat was in a palatable condition. With VC, the meat was heated in a 70°C water bath until the internal temperature of the meat had reached 70°C, this temperature being held for 5 min. With BC, the meat was heated in a 95-100°C water bath until the internal temperature of the meat had reached 85°C. The effect of 1% salt addition was also studied for VC at the same heating temperature that was held for 1 or 5 min. The samples thus prepared were subjected to physicochemical and sensory evaluations. We concluded that yield of weight, juiciness and IMP content of the meat by VC were significantly higher than those by BC, but the shear value by VC was significantly lower. Salt addition was effective in reducing the heating time and increasing the water holding capacity. The yield, texture and palatability were also improved by salt addition.

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