Chicken breasts vacuum-cooked at 75°C were tenderer than those heated at 100°C. There was no significant difference in the amount of hydroxyproline in raw chicken compared with chicken heated at 75°C or 100°C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the degree of shrinkage was similar in the muscle fiber or myofibrils in the samples heated at the two temperatures. No significant difference could be found in the transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observations of myosin aggregation formed by heating at 75°C and 100°C. However, the electrophoresis patterns obtained by using 1-ethyl-3-carbodiimide (EDC) as a zero-length cross-linking reagent indicate that the polymerization of myosin at 100 °C was more advanced than that at 75 °C, suggesting that the aggregates of myosin formed at the higher temperature had a more compact structure. This difference in the state of the myosin molecules may be reflected in the greater shrinkage observed in chicken breast meat heated at 100°C.

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The change in sensitivity to gustatory stimulation induced by an extract of Gymnema sylvestre, R. Br., one of the taste modulators, was studied. The taste sensitivity for sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami substances was examined before and after the application of a Gymnema sylvestre extract. A concentration of the extract not disliked by the taste panel was selected. Twenty-seven compounds, including mono-and disaccharides, oligosaccharides, sugar alcohols, and peptides, were used as sweet substances. The panelists were 28 healthy female students between the ages of 18 and 20. The taste sensitivity was examined by a method whereby each compound was applied in a sequence of decreasing concentration to the entire oral epithelium of individual panelists. The minimum perceptible concentration (taste threshold) of each taste substance is defined as the concentration at which 50% of the subjects could barely differentiate a solution containing the taste substance from water, and was calculated by the probit analysis. The minimum taste-perceptible concentrations of all 27 sweet substances was increased 2-13-fold after the application of a Gymnema sylvestre extract. This marked increase in minimum perceptible concentration after application of the Gymnema sylvestre extract was found not only for traditional sweet substances, but also for those more recently developed. However, the minimum taste-perceptible concentration was not significantly changed in one each of the sour, salty and bitter substances and in three umami substances by the application of the Gymnema sylvestre extract. The results of this study show that, after the application of a Gymnema sylvestre extract, solutions of sweet substances at a concentration less than certain limits produced a sensation similar to the taste of pure water as previously reported. At higher concentrations, however, these substances produced a sweet taste even after application of the extract. The application of the Gymnema sylvestre extract did not affect the minimum taste-perceptible concentration of the sour, salty, bitter, and umami substances.

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This paper discusses about the housing needs and housing arrangements for the people with thalidomide-induced upper limbs disabilities taking overviews of 7 case studies. The points of views of these studies are to grasp the characteristics of their disabilities, the transitions of their housing needs and individual needs of their housing environments. At the results of those studies, following points are proved; 1. The characteristics of their behaviors caused by disability. 2. The characteristics of their daily activities and housekeeping work. 3. The conditions of housing needs and housing arrangements adapted to their disabilities. It became clear through our study that the conditions of housing arrangements for the disabled were not unanimous as they were influenced by personal factors. Furthermore, comparison of the results of the studies in Japan and Sweden shows that the conditions of housing arrangements were influenced by social system, cultural background and social values. ICF pointed out the importance of personal factors. In studying the housing needs and arrangements for the disabled, we should take personal factors into consideration.

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Based on the valuable information aquired about the arm hole line of the bodice, we reexamined the joint problem between the 3-dimensional shell of the sleeve and the bodice shell. In the examination we made a sleeve model consisting of two parts (lower and upper). The results obtained were as follows : 1. For the lower part of the sleeve, no fewer than 11 types of basic patterns in the chosen 18 patterns were in accordance with the plane developements of the respective sleeve models. This result tells us that the sleeve model was much improved after using information on the shape of the arm hole of the bodice. 2. For the upper part of the sleeve, only one of the basic patterns accorded with the developed models. But result does not indicate that these models or the basic patterns are unreasonable. This is because each basic sleeve pattern includes deliberately and implicitly some space to make the intricate easing contraction when joined with the bodice shell. Nevertheless, as far as the model is concerned, darts are simply used. In other words, each basic pattern is based on an assumption about the shape when joined to the bodice shell. 3. The study shows that the plane developement curve of this new sleeve model should be adopted as an effective barometer to estimate the shape of a 3-dimensional basic sleeve when joined to the arm hole line of the bodice shell.

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