Journal of Home Economics of Japan
Online ISSN : 1882-0352
Print ISSN : 0913-5227
ISSN-L : 0913-5227
Volume 47, Issue 5
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
  • The Field and the Purpose of Risk Management in Family Life
    Yumiko NARA
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 5 Pages 415-424
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this series of study is to systematize the theory of Risk Management in Family Life.
    This paper aims to make clear what issues of what field to be taken up for what purpose in the risk management in Family Life.
    The major findings of this paper are as follows :
    1) The field of issues of Risk Management in family life should be set to cover all risks which hinder the functions of the family system. It means that all risks should be managed with two latent aspects or sub-systems taken into consideration : an economic management system and an interpersonal management system in the continuance and development of the whole system.
    2) Since the management in a family aims to realize Life, the family risks refer to the possibilities of physical, economic, mental, andadministrative damages. Therefore, the purpose of Risk Management is to manage risks in both the pre-damage and the post-damage dimensions, and finally to contribute to protecting the quality of Life and to making for the equilibrium and development of the management system.
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  • Yumiko NARA
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 5 Pages 425-434
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this series of study is to systematize the theory of Risk Management in Family Life
    This paper aims to make clear the relation between “risk” and “crisis, ” and the relation between “Risk Management” and “Crisis Management” in Family Life.
    The major findings of this paper are as follows :
    1) The crisis management is included in the risk management both in its concept and managemental method.
    2) Family crisis refers to the turning points on which hinges the existence of the family system. Family crisis is considered to result by the accumulative hazards or by a gigantic peril in the family management environment.
    3) Some special managemental responses are needed in countering the family crisis. The crisis management consists of pre-damage management and post-damage management. The pre-damage management should be conducted in order to eliminate the impact of crisis beforehand, and the post-damage management in order to restore the functions of the family system to the original level.
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  • Based on Observations on the Children in the Day Nursery and Children's Home
    Masako OKANO
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 5 Pages 435-444
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study is to discuss how children perceive their families and home lives, where they were born and where they have been brought up. Observations of their make-believe plays were made :
    1) Mother's role was the main one while they played house in the day nursery, while father's role was supplementary. Mother in their play prepared meals, took care of baby and did shopping. In other words, the family and home life portrayed were not largely different from those conventionally portrayed in the past.
    2) Children in the children's home I observed interacted less with each other, only few playing house. Each child's symbolic play portrayed the acts of eating, sleeping and taking care of baby. I heard little references to their family relations.
    3) It is easy for children to recognize the acts of eating, sleeping and taking care of baby in their daily life. However, the child's view differs between those children in the day nursery and those in the children's home. The former enact family and human relations while the latter portray independent acts not related to one another.
    4) Children in the children's home seem not to have developed the abstract images. The family and home life are important in developing a child's abstract concepts, which, in turn, influence him/her in forming good relationships with others.
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  • Tomoko ICHIKAWA, Yukari MITSUMURA
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 5 Pages 445-452
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Several new saccharide sweeteners were added to the sponge cakes, and the properties of the cakes were evaluated as copared with the addition of sucrose.
    Those new saccharide sweeteners used were as follows :
    (A) reduced malt sugar syrup, maltitol; (B) reduced milk sugar, lactitol; (C) xyloligosaccharide; (D) commerical “non sugar, ” reduced malt sugar with Stebia.
    The cake batters were prepared by adding the above respective sweeteners mixed with sucrose in various ratios, and the effects on the properties and sensory evaluations of the baked cakes were investigated. The results obtained were as follows :
    1) Sweeteners A was used most desirably for whipping in the preparation of cakes by adding the sweetener at 50-75% in mixtures with sucrose. The preferable properties of the cakes were maintained well on freeze preservation. The energy of these cakes were smaller by 5.4-8.1% than those of the cake with sucrose alone added.
    2) Sweeteners B was added at 12.5-25% in mixture with sucrose to obtain cakes with preferable properties.When larger amounts of the sweetener were added, the properties of cakes became worse in freezing. Addition of the sweetener B showed little decrease of the calories of cakes.
    3) Sweetener C was not used desirably for the preparation of cakes, owing to the browning reaction in the cake batters on baking.
    4) With the addition of the larger amounts of sweetener D resulted in the less desirable whipping and browning reaction in the preparation of the cakes. The sweetener was added at about 25% in mixture with sucrose to obtain cakes with preferable properties maintained in freezing. The energy of this cake was smaller by 7.3% than that of one with sucrose only added.
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  • Tomoko KIMURA, Tatsuyuki SUGAHARA, Yoko FUKUYA, Hiroko SASAKI
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 5 Pages 453-460
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    An efficient method for extracting Rishiri-konbu to make konbu soup stock for mass catering was established by introducing ultrasonication into the conventional water-extracting method. The water temperature was tested at 5, 20 and 40°C to find out the optimal condition.
    1) In comparison with a control sample (extracted without ultrasonication), the sample obtained when ultrasonication was used had greater taste components, thus giving a soup stock of improved quality.
    2) The optimal extraction conditions were to use ultrasonication for 15 min, or to extract for 30 min without ultrasonication, each at a water temperature of 20°C.
    The soup stock prepared with 15 min of ultrasonication was a richer color (higher yellowness) than the stock prepared by 30 min of water-extraction alone, with greater contents of crude protein and free amino acids (Glu, Asp, Pro, etc.), higher acidity, a larger amount of released 5'-nucleotides (5'-AMP, 5'-UMP), slightly greater contents of minerals (K+, Na+, Mg2+, P5+, etc.) and a better taste.
    It is therefore concluded that the introduction of ultrasonication can effectively reduce the water-extraction time usually needed for Rishiri-konbu and produce better stock.
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  • Ryo OONO
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 5 Pages 461-468
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to investigate the effects of heat on the load-elongation phenomenon and filament breaking for nylon 6 monofilaments, the generation of heat using three types of monofilament elongation was estimated using a thermography apparatus. The filament diameter was 0.76 mm and the elongation speed was 8.3 %/s. In a simple elongation, the filament temperature rose on the center and was 38 °C higher than the room temperature at breaking. Forty-five percent of elongation energy was converted into heat and 18% was stored with strain energy. In a loop elongation, filaments were heated at the loop points and the temperature rose 17.5 °C at breaking. In a knot elongation, filaments were heated only on the knot points and the temperature rose 39 °C. Nylon filaments generated heat through elongation and heat was stored, due to the non-conductive properties of the filaments. Heated points were softened and filaments were broken on those points. Heat was not the main cause of breaking, although it induced and facilitated breaking.
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  • Ryo OONO
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 5 Pages 469-475
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to investigate the fracture mechanism of nylon 6 monofilaments, the fracture processes of the filaments during elongation were observed by a microscopic camera and an electron microscope. In a simple elongation, the surface crazes at right angles to the direction of elongation changed into cracks which penetrated into the filament before the breaking strain was reached. About 10 cracks per cm developed into diamond-shaped cavities and the filaments broke on the largest cavity. The breaking of the filaments did not depend on a particular crack since cracks grew competitively. In a loop elongation, the surface crazes on the outer side of a bend changed simultaneously into cracks before breaking. The crack on the center of a bend developed into the largest cavity and the filaments broke on those points. In a knot elongation, the surface crazes on steeply bent regions changed into cracks. Various types of cracks were formed by a knot deformation.
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  • The Actual Conditions of Bathing Habits of Residents and an Investigation of Bathrooms in Urban Apartments in Korea (Part 2)
    Hikyung LIM, Noriko IMAI
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 5 Pages 477-486
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The object of this study is to analyze the actual use of and the problems of bathrooms in urban apartments which have two bathrooms (one main bathroom and one attached to the main bedroom) in Korea.
    1) There are some problems with the present western style bathrooms which have three different facilities in the same room; a toilet, a bathtub, and a washstand. Twenty-five percent of the respondents use the bathtub as a water tank or a storage. A toilet not combined with a bathtub as well as some dressing space are desired for the main bathroom.
    2) A certain number of residents are satisfied with the present western style bathrooms. Those, who are not satisfied with the present type, desire some other types such as (1) an independent toilet not combined with a bathtub and a washstand, (2) an independent bathtub not combined with a toilet and a washstand, (3) respectively independent facilities of a dressing room, a bathroom, a toilet, and a washstand.
    3) Many residents of young age satisfied with the bathroom attached to the bedroom.
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  • Meiji Era, Taisho Era, and the Early Period of Showa Era
    Ayako KURAMOTO, Kazuko SASAKI, Kanae MIZUSHIMA, Eriko INOUE, Kiyoko EI ...
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 5 Pages 487-495
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 5 Pages 497-503
    Published: May 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (1385K)
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