Background:Few previous studies have investigated the frequency of examinations for detecting cancer among outpatients with lifestyle-related diseases.
Methods:Outpatients with lifestyle-related diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia) who were admitted to the metabolism and endocrinology, cardiovascular, or general medicine departments of Juntendo University Hospital from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2013 were included in this study.
The frequency of examinations for detecting cancer was estimated for each 10-year age group,
and the relation between various factors and the frequency of such examinations was then
evaluated using the Cochran-Armitage trend test. Then, factors associated with the frequency of
examinations for cancer were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results:27,719 outpatients (mean age, 63 years;male sex, 60%) were surveyed based on their
electronic medical records. Of these, 78% had diabetes, 64% had hypertension, 55% had
dyslipidemia, and 17% had hyperuricemia. The following examinations were performed to detect
cancer:lung cancer;chest X-rays 54% and computed tomography 11%:gastric cancer;
contrast-enhanced upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract examinations 0.1% and upper GI endoscopy
4%:colorectal cancer;fecal occult blood tests 7% and colonoscopy 2%. Age and the number of
lifestyle-related diseases were significantly associated with the frequency of examinations for
cancer.
Conclusion:Our results indicated that the frequency of examinations for cancer was low in the
clinical setting and that it was significantly associated with age and the number of lifestylerelated diseases. Although the Japanese health insurance system limits the screening of outpatients, more careful assessment of eligible patients might be required.
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