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Volume 26 (1977)
- Issue 4 Pages 159-
- Issue 3 Pages 103-
- Issue 2 Pages 59-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 26, Issue 1
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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WATARU WAKABAYASHI1977 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 1-11
Published: March 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fact that disorders of the lumbar region occur particularly frequently in those who go for sports involving weight lifting led us to carry out a study undertaken to investigate thoroughly the actual status of such sports-related disorders, to clarify the etiology and pathogenesis of low back pain and further to find out important clues to effective treatment of this condition.
In this study, 52 weight lifters and 89 judo wrestlers were investigated and assessed for disorders of the lumbar region by a questionnair, physical examination and x-ray study by 6 different projections.
As a result, 21 weight lifters (40%) and 26 judo wrestlers (29%) were found to have spondylolysis. The fact-finding investigation warranted us to surmise that the spndylolysis observed in these two types of athletes might result from a fatigue fracture of a vertebra due to continuously exerted minute external forces through sports action in the majority of cases, although a fracture of the vertebral arch due to external force exerted one time might at times be implicated as the cause of this particular dissolution of a vertebra.
From the consideration of a displacement between vertebral bodies, body-arch angle, the degree of lordosis and the range of movements of the affected lumbar vertebra it was concluded that of the management of the spondylolysis must be aimed at not only restorating but also enhancing the function of the vertebral muscles by sports training.View full abstractDownload PDF (1460K) -
—AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY UTILIZING RESIN MODEL WITH REFERENCE TO THE ANALYSIS OF MOTION OF WEIGHT-LIFTER—MASAAKI KOSHIMUNE1977 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 12-21
Published: March 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince 1969 the investigation has been performed concerning low back pain among top athletes and in 27 percent of the subjects spondylolysis was found. This high frequency led the author to suspect the possibility of some non-congenital cause. Therefore, an experiment was undertaken with an artificial model of a spinal element.
The spinal model was constructed with Methacrylic Methyl resin and was subjected to compressive and tortional loads. Stress distributions in the posterior portion of the vertebra were measured. In addition, destructive tests were conducted with continuous and repetitive application of loads
Three axis strain gauge measurements confirmed that the fracture surface was perpendicular to the direction of the maximum strain. A compressive strain was observed in the dorsal side, whereas tensile strain in the ventral. An increasing strain was observed with an increasing degree of extention both in the continuous and repetitive loading experiment. The maximum strain was noticed at the lateroventral area of the pars interarticularis and its value at the maximum extension was approximately seven times that of the maximum flexion. In the repetitive loading experiment, a fatique fracture was found more likely to occur in the extensional posture. The destructive experiment resulted in fracture of the pars interarticularis.
Judging from the above results, frequent lifting of a heavy load in the extentional posture corresponds to repetitive stress and causes an eventual fracture at the pars interarticularis, which in turn could cause spondylolysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (8541K) -
(1) VARIABILITY IN NORMAL HEALTHY INDIVIDUALSYOSHIBUMI NAKAHARA1977 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 22-29
Published: March 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEVOKED EMG which had been initiated by Hoff man and Magladery was applied with central nervous disorders in attempting to determine the level of lesions.
Also there were not many reports on basical studies without clinical reports. The purpose of this study was attempting to research the variability in normal healthy individuals (aged 18 to 34yr., six men) on (1) relationship between stimulus intensity and amplitude, (2) thresholds, (3) amplitudes in repetitive stimulations and (4) H-wave recovery curve.
All stimulating durations were lmsec. and each stimulating intervals were 3 sec. One of the subjects wes stimulated by two electrodes-needle (inside) and rod (surface) electrode-for getting a thorough going over the dependence on both methods at the beg-inning of this study. As this results, there was no significants once without the differences on stimulating intensity by skin impedance. Therefore, there was no doubtfulness using the surface electrode, and it was used for all this studies.
Thresholds of H-wave were 36 to 68V on six subjects and the maximum H-wave amplitudes (1.2 to 2.3mV) were found at 55 to 100V.
On the variaiton of H-wave amplitudes with repetitive stimulations (stimulating intensity 50 to 95V), average amplitudes were 1.18 to 2.33mV (S.D. ; 0.19 to 0.3mV) and the coefficient of variation was 11 to 16.
Refractory periods on H-wave recovery curves were 60 to 90msec. and a few ones was shown the pattern like as the patient's with thyrotoxicosis and cerebellar tumor.
Although H-wave recovery rates were constant over 300 msec. (65.01±10.14% on 300 msec., 66.20±10.21% on 400msec., 67.29-9.9% on 500msec. average ± S.D.), variation was twice on 150msec. (53.82±26.08%) like as many reports. So, there may be some factors on this period.View full abstractDownload PDF (866K) -
TETSURO NEGI, GUNZI OGIHARA, HISASHI WADA, SADAHIKO HARIMOTO, HIROSIHG ...1977 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 30-43
Published: March 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. We observed how brain waves change, especially in frequency, during the period of physical exercise training as subjects are becoming more skilful.
2. In the first, subjects, with eyes closed, were given bicycle ergometer load in the hypnotic state, the brain waves of the subjects were clearer when they were suggested that they can pedal easily than when they were suggested that their pedaling is heavy.
3. In the second experiment, we took up a fourteen-year-old school girl as a subject, who had been unable to ride a bicycle and whose brain wave shows no alpha blocking while her eyes are open. Using a radio-telemeter, we took her electroencephalograms every day for about ten days when she was learning bicycle-riding. As a result, we find that her brain waves were complicated at first when she was pedaling with voluntary effort and with others' help, and that they were becoming simpler as she got used to riding, until alpha waves began to appear with her skill in and smoothness of riding.
4. In the third experiment, with a number of novices in skiing as our subjects, we made electroencephalographical observations of them practising on natural snow. In order to avoid the alpha blocking, we imposed the condition that they keep their eyes closed during the experiments. Brain waves were taken by using a radio-telemeter, whose receiver was set in a house and antenna in the middle of an about seventy-meter slow descent course. Because of their closed eyes, they seemed to feel no little fear so that their brain waves were too complicated to analyze and were mixed with electromyographical fluctuations. But as they became more skilled, their brain waves were more normal and simpler, until even alpha waves sometimes appeared during smooth descent skiing.
5. When we learn new exercise, we need higher mental activity using the cerebral cortex in the beginning, but that as we are growing more skilled and more used to the exercise, our mental activity becomes a lower and reflexive one that needs no much participation of the cerebral cortex. And alpha wave become to appear in the brain waves.
6. We discussed that how related our researches are with Jasper and Penfield's beta wave and “rhythme en arceau” of Gastaut and Chatrian in rolandic region blocking owing to the voluntary movement. It may be given a conclusion that electroencephalographic blockings are based on the mental activity of the preparation to voluntary movements.View full abstractDownload PDF (3225K) -
MASASHI SUGAHARA, MASASHI NAKAMURA1977 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 44-50
Published: March 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSComparative studies were carried out on methods for measuring and evaluating bodily flexibility using the data of measurements of toe touching and chest and leg raising (one of the so-called distance methods) and the ventro-dorsal motion range (degree) of the lumbar spine with Iino's spinometer (taken as one of the so-called angular methods) in 100 young male subjects. After reviewing the values of the distance method in relation to physique and statistical relations between the values of the angular method and the distance method, the following conclusions were obtained.
A. The values of measurement by the conventional distance method were correlative with physique values. The value of toe touching (TT) showed a significant correlation with body height, leg length and arm length. The value of chest and leg raising (CLR) showed a correlation with body height and leg length. These two values involve a risk that the assessment of flexibility may be influenced by physique.
B. Accordingly it is proposed that the following formula is reasonable for TT in order to eliminate the influence of physical factors.
(1-arm length-conventional toe touching value/body height) ×100
This may be called a toe touching index (TT Index) .
An index of CLR relative to body height is likewise proposed as follows.
Chest and leg raising index (CLR Index) =chest and leg raising value/body height×100
C. TT Index and CLR Index were not correlative with physique. The correlation of TT Index to CLR Index was higher than that of conventional TT value and CLR value
D. Regarding the correlation with the values for the maximal motion ranges (degree) of the lumbar spine, these two indices were higher than the conventional values of TT and CLR, especially they showed the closest correlation with the range of maximal extension (degree) among some measurment items on the mobility of the lumbar spine.
Above all, the correlation of TT Index and CLR Index added together, with the range of maximal extension was the highest, showing a coefficient of +0.571.View full abstractDownload PDF (795K) -
1977 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 51-56
Published: March 01, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (721K)
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