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Volume 51, Issue 1
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2002 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 1-74
Published: February 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (10359K) -
TOMONORI OGATA, YASUHARU OISHI, HAJIME OHMORI2002 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 75-84
Published: February 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study investigated the time course of changes in heat shock protein (HSP) 72, muscle weight and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers after injection of bupivacaine (BPVC) into the soleus muscle. Adult male Wistar rats (n=36) were anesthetized by pentobarvital sodium and 0.5 ml of BPVC was injected into the left soleus muscle, whereas the contralateral right soleus muscle was served as the control. Bilateral soleus muscles were dissected at 1, 2, or 4 days or 1, 2, or 4 weeks after the injection. Muscle fibers were disrupted at days 1-2 after BPVC injection and regenerated fibers that have centrally located nuclei in cytoplasm appeared 4 days after the injection. The cross-sectional area of regenerated fibers gradually increased during 4 days-4 weeks after the injection. The soleus muscle weight decreased until 1 week after the injection, then gradually increased during 1-4 weeks of recovery. The content of HSP 72 was drastically decreased in the soleus muscle 1 day after BPVC injection (p<0.01), then gradually increased during 2 days-4 weeks of recovery, and returned to the control level at 4 weeks of recovery. A similar time course of change was observed for the cross-sectional area of the regenerating fibers and HSP 72 expression. These results suggest that the BPVC injection induces disruption of muscle fibers and degradation of HSP 72, however, regeneration of muscle fibers indicated by increases in cross-sectional area occurs with increases in HSP 72 content during 4 weeks of recovery period.View full abstractDownload PDF (3657K) -
AKIO HOSHI, YUTAKA INABA2002 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 85-92
Published: February 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to elucidate factors associated with the external causes of mortality during exercise in school from 1986 to 1998, the frequencies and characteristics of mortality were investigated. We used from the booklet“Deaths and injuries under school supervision”published by the National Stadium and School Health Center of Japan. There were 295 deaths (22.7 deaths/year) from 1986 to 1998. The most common cause of mortality was injury (52%), and it also occurred in boys compared with girls in all causes of mortality. In more recent years, the incidence has decreased in injury and drowning, whereas it has increased in heat stroke. The incidence of injury and heat stroke was markedly higher during sports club training, while the incidence of drowning was high during physical education. In injury, most cases occurred during Judo. In drowning, most cases occurred during swimming. In heat stroke, most cases occurred during baseball. Among external causes of mortality in the ICD-10, “struck by thrown, projected or falling object” (W20) in injury, “drowning and submersion while swimming-pool” (W67) in drowning and“exposure to excessive natural heat” (X30) in heat stroke were the most frequent causes. Among the injury, Judo cases most occurred during W20, Rugby and American football cases most occurred during“striking against or bumped into by another person” (W51), and baseball, soccer cases most occurred during“striking against or struck by sports equipment” (W21) . As a result, more attention should be paid to circumstances related to a high incidence of death and the necessity of lecture on the protection and the prevention of external cause of mortality at school.View full abstractDownload PDF (904K) -
KUMIKO MINATO, YOKO SHIROYA, FUMIHIKO KARIYA, YASUYUKI NAKAE, TAKAHARU ...2002 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 93-99
Published: February 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors have found that compulsory training using treadmill running increases pancreatic weight, protein content, and enzyme activity in hypertrophied acinar cells in rats. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of voluntary running exerise on the exocrine pancreas in rats. Female F344 rats were divided into control, compulsory training, and voluntary training groups. The compulsory trained rats were exercised for 60 min on a treadmill (final speed, 35 m/min), 5 days a week, for 8 weeks. The voluntary trained rats were exercised on a voluntary basis on a wheel ergometer with a load of 30% of their body weight every day. Mean running distance for the voluntary training group was 5.2±1.0 km/day. Final body weight for the compulsory and voluntary training groups was significantly lower than for the control group. Soleus muscle weight and citrate synthase activity of the plantaris muscle for the compulsory and voluntary training groups were significantly higher than for the control group. Pancreatic wet weight, protein content, and amylase and lipase activities for the compulsory and voluntary training groups were significantly higher than for the control group. Pancreatic wet weight, protein content, and amylase and lipase activities for the compulsory and voluntary training groups were significantly higher than for the control group. Total DNA content of whole pancreas in the voluntary training group was significantly higher than for the control and compulsory training groups. Electron micrographs revealed that acinar cells obviously hypertrophied and zymogen granules increased in the compulsory and voluntary training groups rats compared with the compulsory group. These results suggest that voluntary training increases pancreatic weight and protein content in hypertrophied and/or hyperplasic acinar cells, which in turn increases synthesis and the storage of exocrine pancreatic enzymes.View full abstractDownload PDF (2802K) -
HIDEKAZU TAKEDA, YOSHIBUMI NAKAHARA2002 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 101-107
Published: February 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a continual cycling exercise program on endurance and body mass index (BMI) in persons with residual type schizophrenia. Twenty-one inpatients (14 males and 7 females, 50.0±7.2 years of age, height of 161.4±9.4 cm, weight of 67.0 ±9.5 kg, duration of illness : 23.8±8.6 years) participated in this study. The subjects were prescribed a cycling exercise program, and endurance and weight were assessed at the beginning, as well as at six months, twelve months, and twenty-four months after starting the program. Endurance was measured by the sub-maximal bicycle exercise test, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated as body weight in kilograms/ (height in meters) 2. The exercise program consisted of 30 to 45 minutes of cycling once or twice per week. As a result, eleven subjects (7 males and 4 females, 51.5±8.5 years of age : exercise group) underwent cycling exercise regularly for twenty-four months ; seven subjects (4 males and 3 females, 49.7±5.7 years of age: control group) dropped out within six months ; three subjects were discharged from the hospital and discontinued participation in the study. The exercise group showed an increase in endurance after six months and a significant increase after twenty-four months (p<0.05) . Concerning BMI, the exercise group showed a tendency to decrease ; however the control group showed an increase in BMI after twenty-four months. These results suggest that long-term and continual regul ar exercise is important for inpatients with residual type schizophrenia to increase their endurance. This study's findings indicate that a cycling exercise program is effective for such patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (824K) -
HIDEKI SHIMAMOTO, NISHINO AKIRA, KIYOJI TANAKA2002 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 109-117
Published: February 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExercise-induced changes in body composition are dependent on various external factors. The psychological factor seems to be an important determinant for reducing body mass. However, the effect of changes in mood on weight loss have not been thoroughly investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among mood status, body composition and anthropometric characteristics observed during an exercise training program. Thirty-four obese women, aged 46.5±7.7 years, participated in our 3-month weight loss program. Body mass and % fat significantly decreased from 66.3±7.1 kg to 59.8±6.5kg, and from 31.8±3.1% to 27.9±4.0% (P<0.05), respectively. Aerobic power, as represented by maximal oxygen uptake, significantly increased (from 29.1±5.0 mlin/kg to 34.6±5.2 mlin/kg), and oxygen uptake corresponding to lactate threshold increased as well (from 17.2±2.8mlin/kg to 20.0±3.0mlin/kg) after training (P<0.05) . Accord. ing to the degree of body mass change, the subjects were divided into the following two groups : good-responder group (Group G : -9.2±2.7 kg) and poor-responder group (Group P : -3.8±1.4 kg) . Analyses of variance revealed significant differences (P<0.05) in total mood disturbance between Group G (103.54±16.30) and Group P (115.20±21.17) . These results show the possibility of the effects of mood on the success of weight loss in obese middle-aged women.View full abstractDownload PDF (951K) -
—COMPARISON OF SWIMMING POOL WALKING WITH LAND TREADMILL WALKING—TAKERU KOTO, SHOUHEI FUKUZAWA, YASUHIRO SUGAJIMA, KAORU KITAGAWA2002 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 119-128
Published: February 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSix young males walked in a swimming pool, swimming flume and land treadmill at 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 m·⋅-1. At 0.6 and 0.8 m⋅s-1, VO2and HR values were significantly lower for the swimming flume walking than for the swimming pool waking. At rest and 0.4 m⋅s-1, there were no significant VO2differences between swimming flume walking and land treadmill walking ; while significantly lower HR values were found for swimming flume walking. There was no significant difference in the VO2-HR relationship between land treadmill waking and swimming pool waking. On the other hand, a significant downward sift in the regression line was observed in swimming flume waking compared to land treadmill walking. The differences between the two types of underwater walking exercise may produce a different effect concerning the muscle pump on leg muscles. Soleus, and especially lateral gastrocnemius muscles, showed lower electromyogram activity at push-off phase during swimming flume walking compard with swimming pool walking. This activity may contribute to the lower VO2and HR values during swimming flume walking. It is apparent that the swimming flume walking has different physiological and kinematic characteristics such leg muscles EMG activity walking or swimming pool walking.View full abstractDownload PDF (1090K) -
YOSHIO NAKATA, KIYOJI TANAKA, RYOSUKE SHIGEMATSU, HITOSHI AMAGAI, TAKA ...2002 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 129-137
Published: February 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlthough body mass is known to be related to bone mass, defined as bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC), little is known about the effects of body mass reduction programs on bone mass. This study assessed bone mass changes in response to four body mass reduction programs that utilized diet and/or exercise. Ninety-four obese or overweight women (age 49.3±7.1 years, body mass 68.5±7.7 kg) were randomly assigned 4 groups (2 intervention forms × 2 trials) : diet in trial 1 (D1, n=27), diet plus exercise in trial 1 (DE1, n=28), diet in trial 2 (D2, n=21), and diet plus exercise in trial 2 (DE2, n=18) . Body mass, body mass index (BMI), absolute and relative (%fat) fat mass, lean mass, BMC, and BMD were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry before and after the 3-month intervention program. Body mass loss was similar in DI (-9.7%) and D2 (-11.6%), and in DE1 (-13.8%) and DE2 (-12.2%) . However, BMC loss was different (P<0.05) between trial 1 and trial 2 for each intervention form (D1: -3.2% vs D2 ; -0.9%, DE1: -4.5% vs DE2: -0.8%) . With this in mind, multiple regression analyses were applied, with either change in BMC or BMD as the dependent variable, and other physical characteristics measured before and after the intervention program as independent variables. Results indicated that multiple correlation coefficients were statistically significant (R=0.61 with BMC, R=0.49 with BMD) . BMI after the intervention program and change in body mass were identified as the significant contributors to the change in BMC, while change in %fat and age were identified as the significant contributors to the change in BMD. These results suggest that, during body mass reduction, (1) physical characteristics are the significant contributors to changes in BMC and BMD and (2) exercise may not prevent the loss of bone mass.View full abstractDownload PDF (1157K) -
CSUKAS ATTILA, MIFUYU KAMO, SHIGERU MORIMOTO2002 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 139-149
Published: February 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, we investigated the applicability of the analyzing method of surface myoelectric signal proposed by Kamo & Morimoto (2000) for children's (age groups: Grade 2, 4, and 6 of elementary school) monopolarily recorded surface mvoelectric signal from m. vastus medialis. The subjects (n=16) were requested to exert constant brief (10 sec) isometric knee extension at low tension (4-12%MVC) .
Next, to elucidate the age dependent change of the possible motor control mechanisms, the change of the contribution of the integrated value of low (LFC) and high frequency component (HFC) to integrated value of raw signal was tested. Index of the contribution was considered from the slope of the regression line between raw and LFC integrated values, and between raw and HFC integrated values.
Obtained results were as follows:
1. Turing frequency (TF) appeared in the children's amplitude spectrum of surface mvoelectric signals. And TF shifted toward higher frequency depending upon the developed tension.
2. For children, cross-correlation analysis characterized LFC as conducting, and HFC as non-conducting characteristics.
3. There was no significant difference in integrated value of raw signal between age groups at each target tension. Results were similar concerning LFC and HFC as well.
4. The comparison of regression slopes showed that HFC had significantly lower contribution to construct the raw signal than LFC. Furthermore, results showed no age related difference as far as the contribution of the LFC, HFC to the raw signal concern.
Results 1 and 2 were in good agreement with the results obtainend from university-students (n=5) . Therefore, it suggests that the analyzing method proposed by Kamo & Morimoto (2000) . can adapt to the mvoelectric signal from children.
Similar result between the age groups suggests that under low-tension brief contraction motor unit control mechanism showed no developmental stage difference from 2 nd grade to university student, yet muscular strength of the 2 nd grade did not reach to the university student level.View full abstractDownload PDF (1229K) -
NAOYUKI EBINE, MIEKO SHIMADA, HIROAKI TANAKA, MAMORU NISHIMUTA, YUTAKA ...2002 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 151-163
Published: February 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to examine total energy expenditure (TEE) in Japanese men under free-living conditions using various field methods, and compare these methods with the doubly labeled water method (DLW) . Ten Japanese men, aged 24.2±1.8 (mean±SD) yrs, were studied for 14 consecutive days. TEE was assessed by DLW, activity record method (AR ; using relative metabolic rate and calculated basal metabolic rate), heart rate monitoring methods (Two-line and FLEX-HR methods), and accelerometer method (AC) . Energy intake (EI) was also evaluated over the same period. Although TEE estimated by AR (2730±139 kcal⋅day-1), Two-line (2925±433 kcal⋅day-1), and FLEX-HR (2949±506 kcal⋅day-1) did not differ significantly from the TEE determined by DLW (2910±524 kcal⋅day-1), there was no significant relationship between each of these methods and DLW. In addition, El (2963±482 kcal⋅day-1) and TEE determined by DLW were similar, and there was a significant correlation (r=0.809, P<0.01) . Compared with DLW, AC (2697±541 kcal⋅day-1) underestimated TEE at the group level ; however, AC was the only method to show a significant correlation with DLW (r=0.871, P<0.001) . Therefore, it seems possible that AC would accurately estimate TEE at the individual level by improving both the instrument and its methodology.View full abstractDownload PDF (1639K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]2002 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 165-171
Published: February 01, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2719K)
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