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Volume 42 (1993)
- Issue 6 Pages 531-
- Issue 5 Pages 429-
- Issue 4 Pages 339-
- Issue 3 Pages 257-
- Issue 2 Pages 101-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 42, Issue 3
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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KYOTA TAKAMI, KAORU KITAGAWA, TOSHIHIRO ISHIKO1993 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 257-264
Published: June 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEnergy expenditure during sport activities has been determined traditionally by the Douglas Bag Method and the Motion Time Study. However, those two methods do not yield accurate values when used in long continuous and/or vigorous physical activities. This study, therefore, measured oxygen uptake by means of a portable device “Oxylog”, and determined the energy expenditure of many sport activities. The experiments were carried out with 13 untrained male subjects (UTS), and 30 trained male subjects (TS) . The 30 trained men consited of ten tennis players, ten badminton players and ten basketball players. UTS played one set of doubles (tennis), one set of singles (badminton), two sets of singles (table tennis), two games (bowling) and jogged 10 minutes, But TS played only their major sports : one set of doubles (tennis), one set of singles (badminton) and two 20-minute halves (basketball) . The results were 0.172±0.017kcal⋅kg-1⋅min-1 for jogging (UTS), 0.146±0.028kcal⋅kg-1⋅min-1 for badminton (TS), 0.133±0.021kcal⋅kg-1⋅min-1 for basketball (TS), 0.130±0.018kcal⋅kg-1⋅min-1 for badminton (UTS), 0.102±0.016kcal⋅kg-1⋅min-1 for tennis (TS), 0.096±0.014kcal⋅kg-1⋅min-1 for tennis (UTS), 0.089±0.019kcal⋅kg-1⋅min-1 for table tennis (UTS), and 0.055±0.009kcal⋅kg-1⋅min-1 for bowling (UTS) . In comparison with UTS, TS exhibited higher values in tennis and badminton. This is considered to result from TS's better training. This result indicates that energy expenditure in playing sports activities depends on the level of player's ability. The method employed in of this study is believed to be the best choice at present. Many other sport activities must be reexamined in detail using this method.View full abstractDownload PDF (1074K) -
SHINOBU MATSUI, NOBUKI TAMURA1993 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 265-270
Published: June 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo evaluate the contribution of adenosine (AD) to exercise capacity, plasma concentrations of AD were assessed before, during and after dynamic exercise in 6 healthy men (24-32yr) . The exercise protocol was a symptom-limited ramp exercise test. Blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory gas exchange parameters were monitored throughout the exercise test. The first exercise test (EX 1) was performed to determine the anaerobic threshold (AT) . The second exercise test (EX 2) was performed 2 days after EX 1 and blood samples for assay of AD, lactate and norepinephrine (NE) were taken from the cubital vein at rest, before and after AT, at peak exercise, and 5, 10, 15min after EX 2. Blood for assay of AD was collected into a vaccum tube with EDTA, dipyridamole and 2'-deoxycoformycin. Plasma AD concentrations were measured by the RIA.
The mean AD concentration±S. D. at rest, before and after AT, at peak exercise, 5, 10 and 15min after exercise was 22±11.8pmol/ml, 45±20.7, 63±33.6, 123±82.1, 186±146.9, 154±127.7 and 150±68.5, respectively. A significant increase of AD concentration was observed during the period from before AT until 15 min after exercise, as compared with that at rest. There was a significant relation between AD and lactate (r=0, 54, p<0.01), but there was no significant relation between AD and NE (r=0.08) .
It is concluded that AD may be a contributing factor to increase exercise capacity through its vasodilation effect, suggesting a paracrine interaction between the exercising skeletal muscle and blood vessels.View full abstractDownload PDF (739K) -
SHOJI MIYAMOTO, TOSHIHIRO ISHIKO1993 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 271-277
Published: June 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBone mineral content (BMC), fat weight (FAT) and lean tissue weight (LTW) were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in 20 young adults of both sexes who were performing habitual exercise. From these data, body weight, lean body weight (LBW) and the percentage of BMC relative to LBW (BMC%LBW) were obtained. First, body density based on a two-component model (D2) was calculated using the values of FAT and LBW of the subjects and the fat and lean densities of the Reference Body, Then percentage body fat (%Fat2) was calculated using the formula of Brozek et al. The body density for a three-component model (D3) was then determined from the values of FAT, BMC and LTW of the subjects, and the fat, bone mineral and lean tissue densities of the Reference Body. Percentage body fat (%Fat3) was also calculated in the same manner as %Fat2. Analysis of the data indicated that (1) females had higher values of BMC%LBW than males, and that (2) subjects whose %Fat2 exceeded %Fat3 by more than 1% were exclusively females whose BMC%LBW values were more than 6.1%. In contrast, those whose %Fat2 was lower than %Fat3 by less than -1% were exclusively males who had BMC%LBW values less than 5.2%. It is concluded that male subjects develop their muscles more than their bones with habitual exercise, which results in a lower BMC%LBW value than in females, and that for those with BMC%LBW values exceeding 6.1% (females) or less than 5.2% (males), %Fat calculation from body density using the formula of Brozek et a1. will produce an error of more than 1% if BMC%LBW is not considered.View full abstractDownload PDF (794K) -
HIDEAKI KOMIYA, JUN-ICHI MAEDA, TAKASHI TAKEMIYA1993 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 278-284
Published: June 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study was designed to determine the effect of cooling down and massage on lower leg volume after heel-raising exercise in men. The subjects were six healthy athletes ranging in age from 18 to 23 years. Lower leg volume was measured at rest and after heel-raising exercise using Lundvall's volumetric method with a water-filled“boot”. Ten minutes of rhythmic heel-raising, performed at 45 times per minute, was monitored continuously using a mech-anograph.
Immediately after the end of exercise, each subject lay in a relaxed supine position and the leg was raised to 45 degrees. A cuff was then attached around the thigh, and the cuff pressure was increased to occlude the leg circulation. The leg volume was then determined in a standing position. After the first measurement of the lower leg, three kinds of treatment were applied for each subject (no treatment, one minute walking : total seven minutes, one minute massage : total five minutes) .
The results obtained were as follows ;
1) The slopes of the recovery curve of lower leg volume were more gentle with no treatment than with cooling down and massage.
2) The time constant (min) obtained from the decreasing curve of lower leg volume after heel-raising exercise was 10.2 for no treatment, 9.4 for cooling down and 6.4 for massage.
3) The total fluid accumulation volume in the lower leg (ml/l lower leg) following heel-raising exercise was 450.9 for no treatment, 288.9 for cooling down and 198.6 for massage.
It is suggested that such a disappearance of fluid accumulation in exercising muscles of the lower leg following cooling down and massage is due to a mechanical pump action against the surrouding local skeletal muscle tissues.View full abstractDownload PDF (969K) -
DAIROKU YOKOBORI, AKIRA HORII1993 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 285-291
Published: June 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study was done to examine the effects of wearing splints, for treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions, on muscle strength and equilibrium in athletes.
Forty collegiate athletes participated. All the subjects were interviewed and examined by dental investigators. Splints were constructed on the basis of vertical dimensions deemed appropriate by the subjects' dentists. Three areas were then studied : First, isometric muscle strength of grip, arm flexion, back extension, leg extension, and plantar flexion were measured with and without splints. Second, isokinetic muscle strength of knee extension and flexion were measured at angular velocities of 60 deg/s, 120 deg/s, and 240 deg/s, with and without splints. Third, a stepping test with closed eyes was used to determine equilibrium by measuring transfer distance, transfer angle and rotation angle with and without splints.
The results are summarized as follows :
1) Isometric muscle strength of back extension, leg extension, and plantar flexion were significantly increased when wearing splints (p<0.05) . Arm flexion strength and grip strength showed no significant alteration.
2) Isokinetic muscle strength showed no significant difference at any angular velocity.
3) In the stepping test with closed eyes, transfer distance showed a significant decrease when splints were worn (p<0.01) . Transfer angle and rotation angle showed no significant alteration.
From the present results, it is suggested that wearing of splints is an effective aid for improving the muscle strength and equilibrium of athletes.View full abstractDownload PDF (2307K) -
HIROYUKI TAMAKI, KOJI KITADA, HIROSHI KURATA1993 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 292-300
Published: June 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSurface electromyograms (EMGs) were recorded from the triceps surae muscles in order to examine muscle activities during concentric and eccentric ankle joint movements at various angular velocities under constant load (5 and 10%MVC) . The results were summarized as follows ;
1) At slow angular velocity (6 deg/s) of ankle joint movement, EMG amplitude tended to increase at a larger ankle joint angle in the gastrocnemius muscle, and at a smaller angle in the soleus muscle.
2) Following an increase in angular velocities (6→30→60 deg/s), peak values of integrated EMGs were significantly increased (7-15%) in the medial gastrocnemius muscle. However, these peak values were significantly decreased in the soleus muscle (22-49%) . These results suggest selective recruitment of motor units depending on angular velocity.
3) Ankle joint angle at the peak integrated EMGs was significantly increased following an increase in angular velocity (6→30→60 deg/s) in the soleus muscle. This suggests that the angle at the recruitment of motor units may be dependent on angular velocity in the soleus muscle.View full abstractDownload PDF (2741K) -
—ONE-YEAR FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF HEALTHY MALES AND MALES WITH MILD HYPERTENSION—JUNKO INAJI, TOSHIHIRO SAITOH, MASAHIKO SHIMIZU, YOSHIAKI INAGAKI1993 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 301-316
Published: June 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of changing daily exercise habit on body fat, serum lipids and symptom-limited maximal exercise test (treadmill by Balke protocol) were evaluated in healthy males and males with mild hypertension (MHT) aged 30 to 59 yr during a period of one year. The subjects were selected from males who underwent physical examination. The results were as follows :
A. HEALTHY MALES
Study 1 : Subjects who exercised regularly (3 times or more/week) showed higher exercise tolerance and HDL cholesterol (HDLC) and less body fat. Compared to inactive subjects (sports 0-2 times/week), exercise tolerance was higher in the group who tried to walk as much as possible in their every day life.
Study 2 : Inactive subjects without a family history of HT were classified by percentage body fat into three groups (H, M and L) . The obese group showed lower exercise tolerance, higher total cholesterol (TC) and lower HDLC. Heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (BPs) at the same load during the exercise test were higher in the obese group.
Study 3 : Revisited subjects who did not change their dietary habit for one year were selected from the average group of study 2. The subjects who increased their daily physical activity showed reduced body weight and body fat, increased exercise tolerance and HDLC, and lower HR and BPs under the same work load.
B. MALES WITH MILD HYPERTENSION
Study 4 : A similar study was conducted in inactive men with MHT (diastolic BP 90-104 mmHg), non-drug therapy at the first visit and no change in dietary habit for one year. Subjects who increased their daily activity for one year showed reduced body weight and body fat, and both resting BPs and BPd fell by 7 mmHg. HR and BPs decreased under the same work load.
These results suggest that an increase in daily physical activity improves physical fitness, reduces blood pressure and decreases body fat in previously healthy males and in males with MHT.View full abstractDownload PDF (1693K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1993 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 317-325
Published: June 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
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1993 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 326-334
Published: June 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
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1993 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 335-336
Published: June 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (264K) -
1993 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 336-337
Published: June 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (226K)
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