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Volume 31 (1982)
- Issue 6 Pages 355-
- Issue 5 Pages 279-
- Issue 4 Pages 227-
- Issue 3 Pages 155-
- Issue 2 Pages 53-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 31, Issue 5
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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TAKUMITSU HIRO1982 Volume 31 Issue 5 Pages 279-290
Published: October 01, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy severe physical training, it is confirmed that the destruction of erythrocytes in a trainee happens within one week from the starting point. This destruction of erythrocytes is characterized by the increase in osmotic fragility of erythrocytes to a hypotonic salt solution.
The purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanisms of the increase in osmotic fragility of erythrocytes. The subjects were divided into two groups, athletes and non-athletes, and they were loaded by a treadmill running during three minutes, with speeds from 200 to 250 meters per minutes.
The osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was determined by the Coil Planet Centrifuge System. The measurement of the lactic acid was made by the end point method and the lipid patterns were analyzed, using a flame ionization detector (thinchrograpy) .
The results obtained are as follows
1) After the exercise, the concentration of blood lactate markedly increased and attained to the level of 90mg/% in average.
2) The osmotic fragility of erythrocytes increased in parallel with the elevation of lactate content in the blood.
3) The osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was significantly related with the lactate content (r=0.52, p<0.001), the regression equation of the lactate content (X) and the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes (Y) was : Y=0.05x+95.1.
4) After the exercise, the contents of free cholesterol and total phospholipid in the red blood cell markedly decreased in comparison with that before exercise.
5) The osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was significantly related to the content of free cholesterol in the red blood cell (r= -0.45, p<0.02) .
In conclusion, lactic acid may contribute to modify the lipid in the red blood cell and to increase the fragility of the erythrocytes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1239K) -
KUMPEI TOKUYAMA, HIROMICHI OKUDA1982 Volume 31 Issue 5 Pages 291-298
Published: October 01, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of spontaneous wheel running on the rate of fatty acid synthesis in viva was studied. Adult female rats were housed in a sedentary condition or free access to a running wheel for 50 days.
The weight gain of the exercising rats was slower than that of the sedentary rats. At the end of 50 days free access to the running wheel, the body weight of sedentary rats was 285±8g and that of the exercising rats was 263±5g. This difference in body weight between sedentary and exercising rats was mainly due to the difference in an amount of body fat (47±5g vs. 31±3g) . The weight of the parametrial adipose tissue of the sedentary rats was 6.1±1.0 g and that of the exercising rats was 2.8± 0.6 g. The diameter of adipocytes of the exercising rats was smaller than that of the sedentary rats (118±9 μm v.s. 150±7 μm) on the other hand there was no significant difference in adipocyte number between the both groups.
At the end of 50 days free access to a running wheel, the rats were injected intraperitoneally 3H2O to determine the total rate of fatty acid synthesis. The rats were killed 60 minutes after the injection and the amount of 3H incorporated from 3H2O into fatty acid in a parametrial adipose tissue and liver was determined. The amount of fatty acid synthesized was calculated from the amount of 3H incorporated into fatty acid and the specific radioactivity of water in serum. Because it is known that the rate of fatty acid synthesis fluctuates within a day, we measured the rate of fatty acid synthesis during the light and dark period. The rate of fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue of the exercising rats was higher than that of the sedentary rats in both light and dark period (light period : 21.8±5.2 v.s. 6.6±1.7, dark period: 53.5±10.3 vs. 18.2±5.2μ mol C-2 units/tissue/h) . The rate of fatty acid synthesis in liver of the exercising rate was higher than that of the sedentary rats during dark period (480± 79 v.s. 283 ±50 μ mol C-2 units/tissue/h) . During the light period, there was a same tendency in fatty acid synthesis in the liver (230±30 v.s. 197±44) .View full abstractDownload PDF (904K) -
—A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE QUICK RELEASE METHOD AND THE AFTER-LOAD METHOD—TAKEJI KOJIMA1982 Volume 31 Issue 5 Pages 299-305
Published: October 01, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the mechanism of the difference between the load-velocity relation of the human elbow flexors determined by the quick release method and that determined by the after-load method, the relations were calculated from a mathematical model for the human elbow flexion. In this model, the biceps brachii was considered equivalent to the elbow flexors. This equivalent muscle was composed of two components, i.e. the contractile one obeying Hill's characteristic equation and the seriese elastic one. The inputs to this model were the states of the muscle excitement. In the quick release method, the state was consistent and full throughout the muscle contraction. In the after-load method, the state changed linearly from zero at the onset of the contraction to a maximum at 70 ms after the onset, thereafter it kept maximal. The velocities calculated in the after-load method were not greater than those in the quick release method at the loads which corresponded to 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60% of the maximum isometric strength. This result was not compatible with the result of the human elbow flexion reported by Kaneko that the velocity in the after-load method was greater than that in the quick release method when the load was equal to or greater than the load which corresponded to 10% of the maximum isometric strength. According to the result from the mathematical model, it is assumed that there was a difference between the pattern of the muscle excitement in the human elbow flexion and that in the model, or that in the human elbow flexion, the level of the muscle excitement in the quick release method was lower than that in the after-load method when the velocity was measured.View full abstractDownload PDF (872K) -
SETSUO KOMAI, TATSUO SHIRAISHI, HISAO KAMBAYASHI1982 Volume 31 Issue 5 Pages 306-311
Published: October 01, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of present study was to investigate the relation between blood lactate and serum FFA during exercise recovery (35-40% Vo2max) and rest recovery after short-term supramaximal exercise accompanied by pronounced rise of blood lactate. Four male subjects performed supramaximal exercise, followed by two recovery treatments (exercise recovery and rest recovery) . Supramaximal exercise intensity was corresponded to appraximately 120% of Vo2max the respective subjects.
The result obtained were as follows
1) The lactate removal from the blood occured significantly faster exercise recovery than rest recovery.
2) In early stage of rest recovery, there was a pronounced rise in blood lactate and concurrent depress of serum FFA level, and thereafter serum FFA was keeping low level during recovery period.
3) In exercise recovery, there was a progressive decline of blood lactate and concurrent increment of serum FFA level as exercise progressed.View full abstractDownload PDF (731K) -
PART 1. STATISTICAL INVESTIGATIONYOSHIKAZU OHARA1982 Volume 31 Issue 5 Pages 312-322
Published: October 01, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, it has been reported on the basis of statistics compiled by Japan School Safety Association that the number of fractural accidents of children became larger progressively. On the contrary, some are opposed to this view. 1, 330 children with fracture treated at National Senboku Hospital and New Senri Hospital for the last ten years have been statistically investigated with respect to the causes and the mechanisms. Especially, a fracture in the forearm accounting for 27.9% of all the cases has been examined on its site and type. Moreover, investigation has been made to 367 adult patients with fractures of forearm.
Consequently, there was no tendency to year-course increase in fractural events of children. Fracture occurred most frequently, in 27.9%, at the forearm and was due to a fall or turnover in 62.0%. These findings did not markedly differ from those of previous reports. In children, bones of the forearm were often fractured at the distal diaphysis (53.0%) . The bones were broken by turnover or fall in 81.9%. The state of the extremities when the event occurred could not be analysed clearly. There was no marked difference, again, between our results and previous reports. It is suggested, therefore, that statistical data obtained from hospitals are insufficient to discuss whether or not fractural events of children have increased, and that various factors related to these fractures, especially the protective buffer effect, should be clarified.View full abstractDownload PDF (1035K) -
PART II. MECHANICAL STUDY ON THE PROTECTIVE BUFFER EFFECTYOSHIKAZU OHARA1982 Volume 31 Issue 5 Pages 323-342
Published: October 01, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhether or not f ractural accidents have increased in children cannot be determined only by the statistical data. Fracture may be related to various factors and among them, the protective buffer effect by muscle is one of the most important factors. To clarify the onset process of fracture in the forearm in children which was observed most frequently, experimental studies have been done using a model for the forearm bones made of resin and the forearm samples of cadaver. Stresses of various parts of the bones were measured by the strain gage method, and the following results were obtained.
Under static load bearing, the model presented the stress distribution depending on the form, and the largest stress was obserbed at the distal diaphysis of the model of radius. The stress distribution of forearm sample under static load bearing was greatly influenced by the articular capsule and the distal region of the radius showed the maximum stress. As the model was gradually filled up simulating muscular action, the stresses decreased. When the traction force of the muscle was simulated by the use of a steel wire, the stress distribution depending on the form changed and the stresses reduced. As the muscular action was gradually added to the model, fracture was not apt to occur and then, greater impulsive force was required for the onset of the event in impact load test.
Based on the above results, it is suggested that, if the protective buffer effect by the nerve and muscle acted incoordinately when a child falls down, the greater stress is loaded to the bone tissues, resulting easily in fracture.View full abstractDownload PDF (14849K) -
1982 Volume 31 Issue 5 Pages 343-346
Published: October 01, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (461K) -
1982 Volume 31 Issue 5 Pages 347-353
Published: October 01, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (890K)
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