All issues
Volume 46 (1997)
- Issue 6 Pages 571-
- Issue 5 Pages 439-
- Issue 4 Pages 343-
- Issue 3 Pages 247-
- Issue 2 Pages 161-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 46, Issue 5
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
—ANALYSIS OF CENTER OF GRAVITY FLUCTUATIONS IN ATHLETES WITH IMBALANCED OCCLUSION—KEIICHI ISHIGAMI, TOMOTAKA TAKEDA, NAOKI TSUKIMURA, ATSUSHI SHIMADA, K ...1997 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 439-443
Published: October 01, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been demonstrated that excellent athletes usually have, not only a higher exercise capacity but also higher ability to maintain equilibrium which is important for assuming the various body postures required in different sports. It is thought that a method of training which enhances the sense of equilibrium will also increase the ability to perform certain of sports.
Many sensory organs and the central nervous system, which integrates these organs, are integrated to the maintenance of equilibrium. To maintain equilibrium, vestibular, visual and bathyesthetic inputs are integrated centrally (in the brainstem, cerebellum, etc.) and necessary commands are other tissues.
A series of studies which we performed demonstrated that the ability to maintain equilibrium was lower in individuals with imbalanced occlusion than in individuals with normal occlusion.
Imbalanced occlusion can be corrected by the appropriate use of rejin sprints. We recently examined the effects of such sprints on the equilibrium of athletes with imbalanced occlusion, using a gravity fluctuation analyzer. In this study, we raised the bite only within the amount of existing free way spce.
From these results, gravity fluctuation in athletes with imbalanced occlusion was greater than that in individuals with normal occlusion.However, when imbalanced occlusion was corrected by the use of rejin sprints, gravity fluctuation tended to decrease.
It these findings from the present study are combined with the knowledge that the exercise capacity of athletes has a positive correlation with their equilibrium maintenance ability. It appears that correction of imbalanced occlusion and the appropriate use of mouth protectors would contri-bute to improving the performance of athletes.View full abstractDownload PDF (3048K) -
—PART II EFFECT ON THE LEG POWER AND GOLF PERFOMANCE—TAKUMITSU HIRO, TETSUJI ISHII, TORU TOMIOKA, YASUMITSU MORITA, TETSUO ...1997 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 445-451
Published: October 01, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have developed a mouth guard which has revolutionized the shape and material of the conventional mouth piece. The H shape mouth guard has the unique shape like that of an H. Even with the new shape of the mouth piece it does not hinder the performance of the wearer. The following are the fundamental data collected by our group. In this study we examined its influences on leg power, the carry (the distance a golf ball is hit) and the motion of the club head during a tee off.
The results are as follows:
1) By wearing or setting the mouth guard, the variation of leg power, measured with a Sybex II, showed an increase at selected angular verocity. The rate of increase averaged aproximately 15%.
2) The amount of work in anaerodush, an intensive, but short exercise, increased significantly by 1.25 seconds.
3) As for golf, all four of the test subjects joint performance increased their carries by 5.2 to 11.6 yards, using a 1st wood.
4) Also the fluctuation of the head of the club decreased from 7.3 cm to 3.6 cm on average.
Our group have found that the new H shaped mouth guard can absorb shock as well as not hinder the performance of the individual who is wearing it. Thus, the H shape mouth guard can be worn during sports to enhance the participant's performance.View full abstractDownload PDF (775K) -
TATSUSHI KIMURA, KIYOSHI ONARI, KOUTAROU KAWAGUCHI, TSUTOMU INAMIZU, A ...1997 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 453-460
Published: October 01, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied the effects of exercise on the blood fluidity. The subjects were 18 healthy males (21.6±0.8 yr, control : 5, soccer : 9, gymnastics : 4) . We measured the filtration time of whole blood by the Nuclepore filtration method as an index of blood fluidity. The filtration time at rest in the control group, soccer group, and gymnastics group was 59.8±11.9s, 42.5±15.1 s, 28.6±6.7s, respec tively. The filtration time at rest in the soccer group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (p<0.001) . There were no significant differences in filtration time at rest between the control and gymnastics groups, and between the soccer and gymnastics groups. The filtration time after single aerobic exercise was significantly prolonged compared with that before (p<0.001) . The filtration time before and after anaerobic exercise and muscular exercise was not significantly changed. The degree of filtration time prolongation was significantly lower in groups who drank water compared to groups who did not (p<0.001) . The effect of taking a sauna on filtration time was not significant. These results indicates the effect of aerobic exercise on blood fluidity, and the importance of water intake during exercise.View full abstractDownload PDF (817K) -
RYOSUKE OKANO1997 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 461-470
Published: October 01, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study examined the effects of gender and age difference on the electrocardiographic response to apneic facial immersion (AFT) . Twenty males (aged 27.2±3.8 yrs) and 16 females (aged 25.1±3.7 yrs) served on the study of gender while 94 males and females (aged 13-67 yrs) served on the study of age.
There was a significant difference between males and females in heart rate response in a few time series stages after AFT of 15°C and 30°C water temperature, however, then was no significant gender difference during each AFI in the bradycardiac response, incident rates and kinds of arrhythmias, latency of arrhythmias during AFT (LADA) and relative latency (RL) .
For the age study significant quadraticcorrelations were found between the bradycardiac response during each AFT and age in spite of a large individual difference. The incident rates of arrhythmias were reduced significantly with age. Also, incidental arrhythmias of the younger group were partially different from those of the young group, suggesting the characteristic difference by growth and development. The incidental manner of arrhythmias after AFT of the middle and elder group (aged 40.67 yrs) was suggestive of a part of their agerelated feature. Although LADA was significantly shorter in the younger group than in the young group, there was no significant difference in RL between both groups.
From these results, it was suggested that although gender need not be considered very carefully, age should be, for the method and criterion of AFI test.View full abstractDownload PDF (1201K) -
TOSHIMI MIZUNUMA, KENTARO SAKAI, NORIKO KAWAHITO, HIROTOSHI IWASHINA, ...1997 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 471-478
Published: October 01, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated biochemical and morphological changes in electrically stimulated gastrocnemius muscle of rats fed normal (20% casein) and low-protein (5% casein) diets. Tissue weight and protein content per tissue weight of gastrocnemius muscle were significantly decreased in rats fed 5% casein diet than in rats fed 20% casein diet. Immunohistochemically, cathepsin B antigen was detected in inflammatory cells, and injured sites determined immunological intensity of anti-cathepsin B were lower in 5% casein diet group than 20% casein diet group. Electron microscopically, there was delayed repairment of muscle components (sarcometric units) in 5% casein diet as compared with that in 20% casein diet group.View full abstractDownload PDF (6746K) -
YOSHITAKE OSHIMA, SHIGEHIRO TANAKA, TADAYOSHI MIYAMOTO, TSUYOSHI WADAZ ...1997 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 479-488
Published: October 01, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study was performed to clarify the relationships between oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics on recovery from incremental maximal exercise and blood lactate, glucose and alanine metabolism. Eight healthy males aged 21.6±3.3 years were studied. The incremental exercise test was performed using a modified version of Bruce's protocol until 30 min after exhaustion. The VO2 responses on recovery were fitted by a two-component exponential model. Blood lactate concentration in the recovery phase was fitted by a bi-exponential time function to assess the velocity constant of the slowly decreasing component (γ2) expressing the rate of blood lactate removal. Both blood lactate and plasma alanine concentration were significantly increased from rest to maximal exercise, and were significantly decreased thereafter, but remained above resting values for 30 min after the maximal stage. Blood glucose concentration was significantly decreased following maximal exercise and returned to the pre-exercise value by 30 min after the maximal stage. Concentrations of plasma branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine and isoleucine) were significantly decreased from the maximal stage until 30 min after exhaustion. The time constant of the slow component on recovery VO2 [τVO2 (s) ] was correlated with neither γ2 nor the degree of change in blood lactate from the maximal stage until 30 min after exhaustion (Δlactate) . However, τVO2 (s) was significantly correlated with both Δ blood glucose and Δ alanine. In addition, Δ alanine was significantly correlated with Δ blood glucose. From these results, we conclude that oxygen uptake kinetics after exhaustive maximal exercise is related to glucose resynthesis through alanine metabolism, as compared with that from lactate metabolism.View full abstractDownload PDF (1084K) -
YUJI YANAGIMOTO, TOSHIMITSU EBISU, YOSHIRO HATANO, YUZO SATO1997 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 489-499
Published: October 01, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to clarify various components of walking activities among the high aged people, in relation with physique and heart rates at rest and post exercise recovery period. Subjects are 53 female residents of a care house in Hyogo Prefecture, whose average age being 78.9±0.9 years were tested in various parameters that are relevant to the study, such as height, weight, BMI, resting heart rate, total amount of weekly walking steps (recorded twice, i, e., in September and in October), walking velocity, walking stride, time length for climbing 15 step stairs and self-rate health. the major findings are summarized as follows
(1) Various physical functions that are related to daily activities and therefore related to muscular strength and neuromuscular coordination, were found to decrease significantly upon aging, such as walking velocity and time length for climbing stairs.
(2) The result of multiple correlation regression analysis, taking total amount of weekly walking steps with self-rated health, time length spent for 15 steps of climbing stairs and age were existent.
(3) Walking velocity, walking steps size and stair climbing velocity of good walkers (upper 25% in total amount of weekly walking steps) and it was found that the good walkers walked faster with greater steps size and climbed the stairs faster than the less walking subjects.
(4) The total amount of daily walking steps of various days of the week were compared each other and it was found that the good walkers recorded significantly less amount of walking steps on Thursday than others days. the fact that a large scale shopping center which is located near by the care-house closes on Thursday every week suggests that the amount of walking steps are influenced by social factors, such as shopping behavior.
(5) In terms of the going out behavior outside of care-house, visiting the large scale shopping center (40% of subjects), and hospitals and alike (25%) were recognized. The results suggest that there are certain common elements in the motivation and behavior of out-of- care-house activities.
The above results suggest that the study of walking behavior of the high aged people would be extremely variable not only in assessing the fitness level and physical function of the residents, but also in possible evaluation of efficiencies of the care-house location.View full abstractDownload PDF (1376K) -
SATORU KAWAI, HAYATO TSUDA, HIROSHI KINOSHITA, KOMEI IKUTA, KEN HASHIZ ...1997 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 501-512
Published: October 01, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of aging on adaptive force control of precision grip while manipulating a small object were compared between older (84.2±8.9 yrs, n=33) and young adults (19.1±0.24 yrs, n=18) from the following perspectives: (1) adaptation to an unfamiliar object with uncertain physical properties during 16 consecutive lifts ; (2) adaptation to an object with a non-slippery (sandpaper) surface during 12 consecutive lifts, followed by 12 consecutive lifts with a slippery (silk) surface ; and (3) adaptation to objects with different weights (0.49, 0.98, 1.96 and 2.94 N) during 24 lifts (6 consecutive lifts for each weight) .During each trial, grip and load forces were monitored. Safety margin force and slip force were evaluated from the data obtained.
The majority of older adults employed a considerably greater safety margin for an unfamiliar object in the initial trials than did young adults, while the minority of the older adults were able to adapt their safety margin force with a few trials, like the young adults. The older adults who overestimated the safety margin force, however, successfully adjusted their grip force to more optimal levels with repeated lifts, suggesting that the adaptive capability of grip force remained even at 90 years of age. The adaptation of older adults, however, was found to be slower (i. e., required more trials) than that of young adults. Upon encountering surface friction change, the safety margin forces in older adults were more strongly affected by the previous surface condition than those in the young adults. In addition, adaptation to a non-slippery surface seemed more difficult than that to a slippery surface with aging. Upon encountering weight change, older adults showed more difficulties in scaling their safety margin forces according to object weights.
Slower adaptation and difficulty in adaptation to the friction or weight change in older adults may reflect the agerelated decline of tactile sensitivity which impaired the signaling of frictional conditions and various discrete events in the hand. In addition, the lift repetition for force adaptation may possibly reflect the age-related deficit or slowing of central processing capacities related to grip force production.View full abstractDownload PDF (1462K) -
RIKA FUKUDA, SATOSHI USUKI, NAOKI MUKAI, HITOSHI AMAGAI, ERI KOTANI, K ...1997 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 513-521
Published: October 01, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhysical activity in the growing period has been shown to be effective for increasing bone mass because immature bones are more sensitive than mature adult bones to the stimulation with mechanical stress. However, bone growth is not uniform and changes markedly at puberty. Therefore, the response of bone to exercise may differ according to the growth process. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the process of the bone response to running training, and the relationship between the bone response and serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels in female rats. Thirty-three female Wistar-Imamichi rats 4 weeks of age were divided randomly into control (CON) and running training (RUN) groups for 6 and 12 weeks. Training consisted of running on a flatbed treadmill at 30 m/min for 60 min/day, 5 days/week. The bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in the whole and five parts of the tibia were measured by a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer (DXA) . Simultaneously, we measured serum concentrations of IGF-I, IGFBP-3, osteocalcin and 17β-estradiol. The whole tibial BMD was significantly higher in the RUN groups than in the age-matched CON groups. When BMD was analyzed at five different studied parts within the same tibia, the increase of BMD. was noted in the proximal and distal cancellous bone in the 6-week RUN group, and in the diaphysial, cortical bone, in the 12-week RUN group. Serum concentrations of osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation, were not altered by training, whereas they decreased with aging. Serum IGF-I levels in the training groups were not changed, but IGFBP-3 levels were increased significantly only in 6-week RUN rats. As a complex between IGFBP-3 and IGF-I may be more improve than free IGF-I in the bone formation, the high levels of IGFBP-3 in the 6-week RUN group may induce an increase in the activity of IGF-I. There was a significant positive relationship between serum IGF-I concentration and BMD of the whole tibia in the 6-week study, and between the IGFBP-3 level and BMD in both the 6 and 12-week studies.
In conclusion, 1) the process of the skeletal response to running training is site-specific within the same bone, and 2) the increment of the IGFBP-3 level with training in the growth period may reflect the increment of tibial BMD through training.View full abstractDownload PDF (1036K) -
TAKAYUKI AKIMOTO, YASUKO KODA, TAKAO AKAMA, MAMI YANAGAWA, MIEKO TATSU ...1997 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 523-527
Published: October 01, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is generally accepted that visually impaired individuals generally have a low aerobic capacity, which may be partly attributed to a lack of physical activity, and have hypothesized that their response to exercise may differ from that of normal-sighted people. In this study, we investigated the effect of exercise on local immunity in the oral cavity in 24 visually impaired males (n=8 ; totally blind group, n=16 ; partially sighted group) and 8 normal-sighted males. The subjects performed submaximal graded bicycle ergometer exercise to an intensity of 75% heart rate max for 12 min. Before and immediately after exercise, we collected timed saliva samples and measured secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) .
The totally blind group had lower levels of aerobic capacity and a lower sIgA secretion rate compared to the partially sighted and sighted groups. Immediately after exercise, the sIgA secretion rate tended to increase in the totally blind group.
It is suggested that the exercise-induced response of local immunity in the totally blind group differed from that in the other groups.View full abstractDownload PDF (626K) -
[in Japanese]1997 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 529-533
Published: October 01, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (415K) -
1997 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 535-547
Published: October 01, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1223K) -
1997 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 548-556
Published: October 01, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1460K) -
1997 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 557-563
Published: October 01, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1170K) -
1997 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 564-571
Published: October 01, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1306K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|