All issues
Volume 38 (1989)
- Issue 6 Pages 219-
- Issue 5 Pages 167-
- Issue 4 Pages 133-
- Issue 3 Pages 85-
- Issue 2 Pages 55-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 38, Issue 4
Displaying 1-3 of 3 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
NOBUYUKI INUI1989 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 133-138
Published: August 01, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to examine how human performance organized by motor learning is reorganized through changes in the central program and structural parameter by using a tracking task of serial pattern.
On the one hand, the subjects who had to adjust themselves to the changed central program (program group) tried to execute the corresponding switch responses coincident with light onsets in 20 trials in the first half and tried to complete perfectly with anticipatory response in 20 trials in the second half. On the other hand, the subjects who had to adjust themselves to the changed structural parameter (parameter group) tried to execute the corresponding switch responses coincident with light onsets in 40 trials. The serial patterns which subjects tracked were 352415 in the program group and 352415 in the first half of the parameter group and 352451 in the second half of that group. The stimulus interval (100 ms) and the interstimulus interval (400 ms) were always constant. The subjects were 20 right-handed female students, being randomly assigned to the 2 groups with 10 subjects respectively.
In both groups, the proportion of correct responses amounted approximately to 7090% of the total response in the first half. Both groups increased the correct and anticipatory responses in the final phase of the first half. The program group, however, remarkably decreased the correct responses (7.03%) and markedly increased the anticipatory responses (42.16%) in the final phase of the second half. The program group in the first half was different from the one in the second half in structuring its own performance. In the parameter group, on the other hand, the performance in the final phase of the second half (anticipatory response : 25.00%) was higher than that of the first half (anticipatory response : 4.46%) although the performance without anticipatory response in the initial phase of the second half was lower than the one in the final phase of the first half. This finding was taken as an order through fluctuation.View full abstractDownload PDF (678K) -
—A STUDY IN AN AGED MAN SUFFERED A LOWER LEG AMPUTATION—MASAHARU SUENAGA, AKIRA IIBOSHI, ICHIRO SEMBA1989 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 139-150
Published: August 01, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHuman femora obtained from a cadaver of a 70-year-old man were examined by means of bone histometry, image-analysis on X-ray radiographs and a mechanical strength test in order to investigate the effects of disuse on the femora. The patient had been bedfast for seven months until his death because of an amputation of the left lower leg due to a diabetic intractable ulcer on the foot caused by a burn. Other detail records of the medical and the life-style history were also examined.
A marked atrophy of the muscles of the hip and thigh was observed on the amputated side. The macroscopic shape and proportion of the femora were not significantly different between both sides. The results of bending strength test at the mid shaft, disclosed a marked mechanical fragility on the amputated side. The cortical bone area in the shaft showed no significant difference between both sides. However, the degree of bone loss was more pronounced at the anterior region of both shafts. The trabecular bone at the femoral head showed a marked atrophy on the amputated side, especially at the principal compressive group of the trabecular bone. This atrophy was thought to be due to the absence of the compressive stress because of the disuse caused by the amputation. A trabecular bone atrophy was also observed on the normal side and its degree of atrophy was greater than that of agematched values. The multiple systemic factors such as the diabetes and the bedfast condition might had influenced on the bone metabolism in this case, therefore the careful examination of the systemic conditions was required to disclose the effects of local mechanical conditions on the bone metabolism.View full abstractDownload PDF (3050K) -
SHUNSAKU KOGA, SEIZO TSUSHIMA, TAKASHI UEMURA, TAKAYUKI SAKURAI, TSUNE ...1989 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 151-164
Published: August 01, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to study respiratory transients during exercise, we examined breath-by-breath differences between gas exchange kinetics measured at the mouth and those estimated at the alveolar level. The gas exchange data at the mouth were obtained by measurement of expired gases only (expiratory flow method) . Correction for breath-by-breath changes in lung gas stores was applied to the total gas exchange, which was obtained by subtracting expired from inspired gas volume (alveolar gas exchange method) . Constant work loads (150, 200, 250 W) and a ramp work load (30 W/min) preceded and followed by a 50 W load were generated by a computerized cycle ergometer. Best-fit first- or second-order model values for gas exchange kinetic parameters were found by the non-linear least-squares method.
1. Regardless of work intensity and forcing function, the breath-by-breath variation in gas exchange measured at the mouth was larger than the gas exchange estimated at the alveolar level, in both a non-steady state and a steady state. The variation was caused by the invalidity of assuming zero N2 exchange at the mouth, which was attributed to changes in lung volume.
2. Vo2 kinetics at the alveolar level were faster than those at the mouth, while the converse held for Vco2 at the onset of constant load work, due to the effects of fluctuations in lung gas stores on the kinetics of gas exchange at the mouth. During ramp load work, Vo2 and Vco2 kinetics at the alveolar level were faster than those at the mouth.
3. Steady state gas exchange values at the alveolar level and at the mouth were the same during constant load work, since the lung gas stores corrections added up to small fractions of the total gas exchange when summed over the long term.
4. Consideration of both the proper end-expiratory lung volume and ventilationperfusion inhomogeneity was required in order to estimate the true alveolar gas exchange.View full abstractDownload PDF (1562K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|