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Volume 39, Issue 1
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1990 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 1-43
Published: February 01, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (4131K) -
HIROSHI TOYAMA, KATSUO FUJIWARA1990 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 44-52
Published: February 01, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe voluntary exercises consist of different automatized levels and are mostly a combination of the upper limbs and the lower limbs exercises.
This study was to examine the interference of the upper limbs exercise to the periodic lower limbs exercise with different automatized levels. Seven male university students, aged 19 and 20 yrs., served as subjects. The periodic lower limbs exercises were the stepping (walking on the place) and the alternate plantar-flexion of the right and left foot while standing. The frequencies of the lower limbs exercises were 120, 160 and 200 times/min, The stepping, which is similar to the motion of the lower limbs in walking or running, may be performed more frequently in daily life than the plantar-flexion in which only the ankle angle was changed. Therefore, we assume that the stepping is a higly automatized exercise compared with the plantar-flexion. Upper limbs exercise, which was combined with the lower limbs exercise, was the simultaneous tapping of one time by both hand. The interference degree was evaluated by the change of step intervals of the lower limbs exercise. The results were:
1) The fluctuation of step intervals on the plantar-flexion was greater than the fluctuation on the stepping and the smallest in the frequency 120 compared with that in the other frequencies.
2) When the tapping was combined with the lower limbs exercises, one step interval at that time was lengthened and one step interval immediately before the tapping was shortened. This change of step intervals was greater in the plantar-flexion than that in the stepping. The change in the plantar-flexion was the smallest in the frequency 120 compared with that in the other frequencies.
The above mentioned findings suggest that the automatized level of the lower limbs exercise can be clearly evaluated by the interference degree of the upper limbs exercise to the periodic lower limbs exercise.View full abstractDownload PDF (4303K) -
-EQUATION FOR ESTIMATING TOTAL BODY WATER IN JAPANESE SUBJECTS-SHUICHI KOMIYA, TAKUJI MASUDA1990 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 53-59
Published: February 01, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new method for estimation of total body water in human subjects by measurement of bioelectrical impedance is described. Determinations of impedance (Z) were made in 24 healthy women aged 35.9±15.39 yr using an electrical impedance analyzer (T-1988 K, Toyo Physical Inc.) with a four-electrode arrangement that delivers a painless signal (500 μA at 50 kHz) into the body. The mean coefficient of variation for ten impedance measurements in 4 male subsamples was 0.8% (range, 0.2-1.2%) . Total body water determined by deuteriumdilution was 26.1±2.44l. The estimation equation was developed by regression analysis of data from 24 women. Height2/resistive impedance was the most significant variable for prediction of deuterium-dilution space (TBW) and yielded r=0.804 (p<0.001) with a SE of estimate= 1.41l. The regression equation generated was Total Body Water=0.5294 (Ht2/Z) + 2.5139. These data indicate that bioelectrical impedance measurement is a reliable and valid approach for the estimation of total body water in human subjects. This noninvasive method, which is safe, simple, rapid and convenient, should prove useful in a clinical setting, and also for epidemiological and exercise physiology studies.View full abstractDownload PDF (619K) -
SHIGEHIRO SUZUKI, YUKINORI TOMODA, YUTAKA MIYANAGA, GORO TAKAHASHI, IS ...1990 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 60-68
Published: February 01, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study was conducted to investigate the influence on the shoulder joint of throwing during water polo. One hundred sixty-seven water polo players were interviewed about injuries caused by water polo, and 70 players claimed to have had shoulder pain.
In 21 players, clinical examinations were performed, and in 31 players, assessment of external rotation stability was made. Then three-dimensional analysis of hand-to-hand shoot motion was performed in 7 players.
The results were as follows;
1. The painful phases of the throwing motion were the take-back phase and the acceleration phase, the pain being present at the anterior and lateral portions of the shoulder joint,
2. Assessment of stability revealed that the external rotation displacement on the affected side was significantly larger than that on the control side in the injured players.
3. Analysis of hand-to-hand shoot motion revealed that the external rotation angle in the acceleration phase was significantly larger in non-injured subjects than in the injured.
4. The external rotation angle after ball contact was increased in the injured, but decreased in the non-injured.
5. To prevent injury, it appears important to catch and throw the ball using the upper extremity and rotation of the trunk in a high body position in the water, and to strengthen the muscles of the shoulder.View full abstractDownload PDF (2089K) -
KOHJI HIRAKOBA, ATSUO MARUYAMA, KOHJI MISAKA1990 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 69-77
Published: February 01, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study was conducted to assess the relationship between CO2 excess due to lactic acid production during exercise and endurance performance in order to clarify the availability of CO2 excess as an index of endurance capacity. Four healthy males (control group; CON) aged 21-24 years, and six male long-distance runners (LDR) aged 18-22 years, were subjected to incremental maximal testing on a cycle ergometer and 12-min exhaustive track running. The results obtained are summarized as follows.
1) Mean values (±SD) of CO2 excess (ml) were 3, 442±677 ml for LDR and 2, 667±437 ml for CON, respectively. On the other hand, the mean value of CO2 excess per unit body weight (CO2 excess/w) obtained in LDR (59.1±9.07 ml⋅kg-1) was significantly higher than that in CON (40.3±3.54 ml⋅kg-1) (p<0.01) .
2) The ratio of CO2 excess/w to ΔLA (the difference between blood lactate at 1 min after exercise and that at rest) showed a tendency to be higher in LDR (5.59±1.16 ml⋅kg-1⋅mmol-1) than in CON (4.46±0.69 ml⋅kg-1⋅mmol-1) . However, there was no significant difference between these two groups in the ratio of CO2 excess/w to ΔLA.
3) The CO2 excess/w (ml⋅kg-1) was significantly related to Vo2max (r=0.813, p<0.01) and Vo2AT (r=0.892, p<0.001), respectively. Moreover, CO2 excess/w was significantly correlated with ΔHCO3- (the difference between blood bicarbonate at l min after exercise and that at rest) (r=0.649, p<0.05) .
4) The CO2 excess (ml) and CO2 excess/w (ml⋅kg-1) were significantly correlated with 12-min exhaustive running performance (r=0.715, p<0.05, r=0.933, p<0.001), as was the ratio of CO2 excess/w to d LA (r=0.671, p<0.05) .
5) From these results, it was suggested that the CO2 excess/w and the ratio of CO2 excess/w to ΔLA could be important factors related to performance of endurance exercise (i. e., 3, 000-5, 000 m running) accompanied by blood lactate accumulation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1080K) -
1990 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 78-81
Published: February 01, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (542K) -
1990 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 81-87
Published: February 01, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (909K) -
1990 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 87-90
Published: February 01, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (454K)
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