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Volume 34, Issue 2
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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SHUNSAKU KOGA, SEIZO TSUSHIMA, TSUNEO TAKAHASHI, HARUO IKEGAMI1985 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 75-90
Published: April 01, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe problems of breath-by-breath measurement of respiratory gas exchange to analyze the transient responses during complex load work are described and treated. With review for the experimental systems developed by other investigators, our signal transducers and data processing were improved. We found the computer-processed data were in good agreement with those obtained from simultaneous Douglas bag gas collection.
1) Errors in the measurement of volume arose from errors in the flow signals such as nonlinearity, base-line drift, noise, and frequency response, as well as composition and temperature of gas, water vapor condensation, quantization errors, and breathing valve leakage. ±1.74% error in the flow integration reproducibility resulted from the modification of the upstream geometry of the pneumotachometer and the pressure tubing as well as a compensation for base-line drift and filter smoothing.
2) Errors in the gas concentration signals were attributed to inaccuracy, drift, noise, and water vapor concentration. The transport delay of gas concentration signals was overestimated in order to cancel the underestimation in Vco2and Vo2·Other compensation methods for the response time were discussed.
3) Error magnitudes below±0.97% in the A/D amplitude quantization were found by means of signal simulation.
4) The optimal compromises between breath recognition threshold and the fluctuation in flow signal were examined to permit identification of irregular breath.
5) Since the breathing valve dead space was modified to tidal volume dependent, errors in the gas exchange variables were reduced.
6) To validate the accuracy of the equipment operation and the gas exchange algorithm, problems in signal simulation and the model lung were described.View full abstractDownload PDF (1933K) -
YOSHIE ISHIDA, NAOYA TSUNODA, HIROAKI KANEHISA, TETSUO FUKUNAGA1985 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 91-97
Published: April 01, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of the present study is to observe the accuracy of the ultrasonic A-mode method for measuring subcutaneous fat thickness. Nine healthy adults (4 males and 5 females) volunteered as experimental subjects. The skin and subcutaneous fat thickness at four different positions, the anterior, posterior, medialis and lateralis of the forearm, upper arm, leg and thigh, were measured by means of an A-mode ultrasonic subcutaneous fat caliper (CANON, CH 300-FT) and also by a B-mode method (ALOKA, SSD-120, ECHOVISION, Circular compound scanner) . Correlation coefficients of subcutaneous fat thickness between both ultrasonic methods were 0.808 for the forearm, 0.780 for the upper arm, 0.833 for the leg and 0.843 for the thigh with a statistical significance of 0.1 % level, respectively.
Differences of the thickness of subcutaneous fat between both methods were from 0.6 to 2.0mm as every absolute mean values. No significant differences were observed for mean subcutaneous fat thickness between both methods at each position. From these results, the A-mode ultrasonic method (CANON, CH 300-FT) is considered to be useful for measuring the thickness of skin and subcutaneous fat in human limbs.View full abstractDownload PDF (3671K) -
AKIHIKO ISHIHARA, NORIYUKI SHIDE, SHIGERU KATSUTA, TATSUMORI FUJITA1985 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 98-107
Published: April 01, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWistar strain male albino rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 and 21 days of age, and the histochemical properties of nerve cell and muscle fibre were examined.
We obtained the following differentiation process in the muscle with postnatal growth;
phase I (newborn-7 days) undifferentiated fibre
phase II (7-15 days) FT fibre ST fibre
phase III (after 15 days) FG fibre FOG fibre SO fibre
On the other hand, histochemical differentiation of nerve cell was recognized earlier than that of muscle fibre, and there was no redistribution of soma type with growth.
Therefore, it may be said bhat histochemical differentiation process in the muscle is largely effected by the neuronal influences exerted from the lower motoneurons.View full abstractDownload PDF (5176K) -
HI SUNG KANG, HARUO IKEGAMI1985 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 108-118
Published: April 01, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this study is to examine the effect of exercise on Flow-Volume (F-V) curves in forced expiration (MEFV) and forced inspiration (MIFV) and Closing Volume (CV) .
Different intensities of submaximal exercises (40 % VO2max and 70% VO2max) and maximal exercise were loaded to eight runners (19.8±0.8 years, 174.1±5.5 cm in height, 64.9±5.6 kg in weight) and six swimmers (19.7±1.1 years, 173.8±5.7 cm in height, 70.4±6.2 kg in weight) .
F-V curves and CV were measured using the Pulmocorder (Anima Model R-1810) in the sitting position before and immediately after (5 min after in CV), 10 min after and 30 min after the exercises. F-V curves were measured three times in every case. Three consecutive CV measurements with 5 min intervals were performed before exercise and once after exercise.
The results obtained were as follows;
1. 40 % VO2max exercise did not show any effect on F-V curves and CV.
2. Peak flow and V75were increased immediately after 70% VO2max exercise.
3. Peak flow, V75and V50were increased immediately after maximal exercise.
4. V25and V50/V25ratio were not changed.
5. CV was decreased after exercise. The higher exercise intensity was, the larger the reduction of CV was.
6. Peak flow increased significantly in runners immediately after 70 % VO2max and maximal exercises, while V50increased in swimmers. Swimmers' pulmonary ventilation capacity was markedly superior to runners in inspiratory but not in expiratory.
It would be concluded that exercises of moderate and higher intensity increase maximal expiratory flow at moderate and higher lung volume levels and decrease Closimg Volume. Such effects can be influenced by physical training.View full abstractDownload PDF (1230K) -
1985 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 128-139
Published: April 01, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1650K)
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