Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine
Online ISSN : 1881-4751
Print ISSN : 0039-906X
ISSN-L : 0039-906X
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Volume 56, Issue 2
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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  • THE EVALUATION AND COMPARISON OF THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COLLEGE BOXING PLAYERS WITH/WITHONT LOW BACK PAIN
    SHIGEKI IZUMI, SHUMPEI MIYAKAWA, TOSHIKAZU MIYAMOTO
    2007 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages 203-214
    Published: April 01, 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.56.203
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The purpose of this study is to evaluate physical characteristics of boxing players with/without low back pain (LBP). Materials and methods : 18 college boxing players were divided into two groups ; The first group consisted of eight subjects with LBP (LBP group), the other one consisted of ten subjects without LBP (no LBP group). The evaluation items were as follows : muscular strength of trunk extension/ flexion/ rotation, cross-sectional areas of the muscles of the lumber region, X ray photograph of lumber spine, MRI, general joint laxity test, muscle tightness test, muscle hardness, tenderness and moiré topography. Results : 9 out of 18 subjects showed lumber region abnormalities in their X ray photograph and MRI. The following evaluation items of LBP group read significant differences compared to those of no LBP group ; The trunk rotator peak torque was weaker at the angular velocity of 120 deg/sec, the laterality of SLR was significantly larger, while the finger floor distance value indicated significantly lower. Discussion : In LBP group, it is suggested that the decline of trunk flexion muscle strength possibly preceded the fall of trunk extension muscle strength which, however, was not observed.
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  • EFFECT OF ACUTE RESISTANCE EXERCISE ON BONE METABOLISM DURING MENSTRUAL CYCLE
    NATSUMI SUZUKI, KATSUJI AIZAWA, AKIKO MEKARU, MI HYUN JOO, FUMIE MURAI ...
    2007 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages 215-222
    Published: April 01, 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.56.215
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    [Objective] The aim of this investigation was to evaluate bone metabolism responses to acute resistance exercise during the menstrual cycle. [Methods] Subjects were young healthy sedentary women (n=7) with regular menstrual cycles. The subjects performed acute resistance exercise in each phase (follicular and luteal) of the menstrual cycle. Bone metabolism markers (bone formation marker BAP and bone resorption marker ICTP), bone metabolism related hormones (parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, calcium and inorganic phosphorus) and lactate were determined. Blood samples were collected before (Pre) and immediately following the exercise (Post), 1 hour (P1h) and 24 hours (P24h) after the exercise. [Results] BAP significantly increased at Post compared with Pre both in the follicular and luteal phases (p<0.05), but significantly decreased at P1h and P24h in the luteal phase. ICTP significantly increased at Post in the follicular phase (p<0.05) and significantly decreased at P1h and P24h in the luteal phase. The bone metabolism responses in the luteal phase moved to low-bone turnover at P1h and P24h. [Conclusion] The bone metabolism response to acute resistance exercise was different between menstrual phases. These results suggest that bone metabolism is influenced by the menstrual cycle.
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  • PECULIARITY OF MUSCLE STRENGTH IN THE LOWER LIMBS OF SOCCER PLAYERS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISOKINETIC MUSCLE STRENGTH AND MRI FINDINGS IN COMPARISON WITH THOSE OF ARCHERS
    KAORU TSUYAMA, TSUYOSHI KOBAYASHI, NOBUO SAITO, HIROSHI KIYOTA, HIROYU ...
    2007 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages 223-232
    Published: April 01, 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.56.223
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This study examined peculiarities in both muscle strength and cross-sectional area (CSA) among soccer players in comparison with those of archers as contrasting athletes. Subjects were 15 male soccer players and 9 male archers at N University. Measurement items were height, body weight (BW), isokinetic muscle strength (knee extension, knee flexion, hip extension, hip flexion) and CSA (psoas muscles). Isokinetic muscle strength (30, 120, 240°/sec.) was measured by Cybex6000 (Lumex Co.), and the psoas muscle CSA was determined using magnetic resonance imaging (Hitachi, Japan). Results were as follows : 1. There was no significant difference in isokinetic knee extension and flexion strength/BW at all angular velocities between soccer players and archers. 2. On isokinetic hip flexion strength/BW, the average values of soccer players were significantly higher at all angular velocities than those of archers. However, there was no significant difference in the average values of isokinetic hip extension strength at all angular velocities between the two groups. 3. The average value for the psoas muscle CSA in soccer players was significantly higher than that of archers. In this study, the biggest difference in muscle strength between soccer players and archers was hip flexion strength, and the CSA of the psoas muscle in soccer players, which is the main component of hip flexion, was significantly larger than that of archers. These findings showed the peculiarity of soccer players due to the constant demands of movements involved in ball kicking and running during practice and competition.
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  • EFFECT OF HIGH-IMPACT TRAINING AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES ON OSTEOGENIC RESPONSE IN RATS
    NAOTA SOGO, AKIKO HONDA, SEIGO NAGASAWA, YOSHIHISA UMEMURA
    2007 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages 233-240
    Published: April 01, 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.56.233
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    Mechanical stress imposed by physical exercise is known to play an important role in increasing bone mass and preventing osteoporosis. As repetitional loadings may diminish mechano-sensitivity of bone cell, understanding shifts in mechano-sensitivity is important for making an effective training program for bones. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate bone responses when rats performed 400 repetitions of jump exercise in total using different training programs over 40 days. The secondary purpose was to clarify whether loading magnitude affects the results. This study comprised two experiments (EX1, EX2). In each experiment, 60 female Wistar rats (10-weeks-old) were divided into 1 sedentary group and 4 exercise groups. The 4 exercise groups were exercised with 10 jumps every day (10 jumps/day), 20 jumps every other day (20 jumps/2 days), 50 jumps every 5 days (50 jumps/5 days) or 100 jumps every 10 days (100 jumps/10 days). Jump height was set at 40 cm in EX1 and 30 cm in EX2. After 40 days, the 10 jumps/day, 20 jumps/2 days and 50 jumps/5 days groups in EX1 and EX2 showed significantly greater bone mass and strength compared to each sedentary group, although differences in training effects between these 3 groups were little. The 100 jumps/10 days group in EX1 also showed significantly greater bone mass and strength compared to the sedentary group, but the training effect was less. The 100 jumps/10 days group in EX2 did not show significantly greater bone mass and strength compared to the sedentary group. These results suggest that exercise everyday or every other day is not always necessary for bone development.
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  • THE EFFECT OF A NEW EXERCISE PROGRAM INCLUDING TAI CHI CHUAN AND KUNG FU GYMNASTICS ELEMENTS FOR THE PHYSICAL FITNESS OF OLDER SUBJECTS WHO HAVE LOWER PHYSICAL FITNESS
    —COMPARED TO A WELL-ACCEPTED EXERCISE PROGRAM—
    HUI GUO, KAIJUN NIU, HIDENORI YANO, KYOUKO OGAMO, KINUE NAKAJIMA, YUN ...
    2007 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages 241-256
    Published: April 01, 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.56.241
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    The purpose of this study was to determine whether improved physical fitness through a new exercise program intervention including elements of Tai Chi Chuan and Kung Fu gymnastics among elderly people who have lower physical. Eighty older adults with less physical strength aged 71-89 (mean age±SD=77.3±3.9), recruited from Tsurugaya area of Sendai, participated in a 3-month randomized controlled trial, with allocation to a new exercise program or well-accepted exercise program control. Physical performance measures included the timed up and go test (TUGT), the functional reach test, a 6 min continuous walking test, and the sit-and-reach test were conducted before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed through on-treatment-analysis of variance. After training, although no significant between-groups differences were observed for all the measures, TUGT, which is recommended as a simple screening tool to identify those at risk of falling was improved in both groups following the intervention (P<0.05). The findings revealed that the new exercise program including Tai Chi Chuan and Kung Fu gymnastics element could improve physical fitness to a similar level as the well-accepted exercise program.
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  • THE EFFECT OF WALKING 10,000 STEPS/DAY ON THE CORONARY RISK FACTOR PROFILES IN MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN
    NAOFUMI YAMAMOTO, YUMIKO HAGI, YUTAKA YOSHITAKE
    2007 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages 257-268
    Published: April 01, 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.56.257
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    The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of walking 10,000 steps/day on the body composition, blood pressure, blood biochemical parameters and physical fitness. Sixty-one women, aged 56.0±5.3 yrs (mean±SD), participated in a hyperlipemia prevention program. The length of the program was 90-min and it was performed one time per week for 3 months. The program consisted of stretching and aerobic exercise (cycle exercise, walking or aerobic rhythmic gymnastics). The participants were asked to walk 10,000 steps/day or more during the program. The number of steps and physical activity (PA) were monitored using a single-axis accelerometer during the program. PA was categorized into three activity levels, namely light (L), moderate (M) and vigorous (V) PA. After 3 months in the program, the participants were divided into two groups according to the average number of steps taken daily during the program : one group (GA) walked more than 10,000 steps/day, while the other (GB) walked below 10,000 steps/day. The time spent in LPA, MPA and VPA in GA were significantly longer than in GB (LPA : 79.4±19.2 min VS 58.2±10.0 min, MPA : 38.5±9.6 min VS 21.6±6.1 min, VPA : 6.3±4.9 min VS 2.6±2.0 min, p<0.001). Decreases in the percent body fat (p<0.001), body fat mass (p<0.001), fasting glucose (p<0.001), hemoglobin A1c (p=0.026), and triglyceride (p=0.036) and an improved performance when balancing on one leg while standing with eyes closed (p=0.027) were found respectively after the program for GA. These findings indicated that GA affected the percent body fat (p=0.036), body fat mass (p=0.040) and fasting glucose (p=0.009). According to a stepwise multiple regression analysis, the time spent in MPA showed a significantly negative correlation with the change in the body fat mass (p=0.025), and the change in the body fat mass showed a significantly positive correlation with the change in the fasting glucose (p<0.001), hemoglobin A1c (p=0.002) and triglyceride (p<0.001). We thus concluded that walking 10,000 steps/day resulted in an increased amount of time spent in MPA, and thus leading to decrease in the amount of body fat. This decrease in body fat is also considered to contribute to improvement in the coronary risk factor profiles.
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  • EFFECTS OF COMBINED TRAINING OF RESISTANCE AND AEROBIC TRAINING WITH PROTEIN INTAKE ON BODY COMPOSITION IN OBESE MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN
    YUMI MAEDA, NORIKO YOKOYAMA, KOUKI TAKAHASHI, TATSUYA DOI, KEITARO MAT ...
    2007 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages 269-278
    Published: April 01, 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.56.269
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    The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined resistance training and aerobic training with protein intake after resistance training on body composition in obese middle-aged women. The subjects were 42 middle-aged women (age : 56.5±4.3 years, BMI : 26.6±2.3 kg/m2), who were classified into three supplementation groups: Protein group (PG), Isocalorie placebo group (IG), and Noncalorie placebo group (CG) by Double Blind Randomized Trial. The training program consisted of combined resistance training and aerobic training for 10 weeks, 5 times per week: twice a week in a university training room and 3 times per week at home. The subjects took the nutrient supplement immediately after each resistance training session. We measured body weight (Bw), body fat volume (Bf) by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscle of the thigh extensor group (Te), flexor group (Tf), and psoas major (Pm) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after the 10-week training period. Irrespective of group, Bw and Bf showed a significant decrease after the training period compared to before (p<0.001), and the CSA of Te muscle showed a significant increase after the training period (p<0.01). Moreover, the interaction of time×group was accepted in the CSA of Pm muscle (p<0.05), and the increase in muscle volume for PG was the highest increase among the three supplementation groups (p<0.05)(PG : 2.1±0.8 cm2, IG : 1.3±1.0 cm2, CG : 1.3±0.9 cm2). These results suggest that combined training in middle-aged obese women improves body composition, and resistance training with protein intake may increase the CSA of muscle of psoas major.
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  • FITNESS-RELATED FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FALLING IN OLDER WOMEN
    KOHJI TAINAKA, JUNICHIRO AOKI
    2007 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages 279-286
    Published: April 01, 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.56.279
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    Purpose : The purpose of the present study was to conduct a 5-year follow-up on the effect of physical fitness on falling in older women. Methods : Thirty-nine older women (79.9±3.7 years old) living at home volunteered to participate as subjects. Walking speeds, muscular strength, flexibility, agility and balance were measured. For the following five years, we checked their record of falling accidents. The subjects were classified into two groups : the faller group (n=14) with at least one or more experiences of falling accidents in the past five years, and the non-faller (n=23). Results and Discussion : The physical fitness of the faller group was compared with that of the non-faller group five years ago. Normal and fast walking speeds in the faller group were significantly slower than those in the non-faller. In the faller group more members had reduced muscular strength and range of motion than in the non-faller. The reaction time in the faller group was significantly slower than in the non-faller. Falling accidents occurred easily because subjects' trunk and hip flexibility had become limited, and the delay in reaction time meant they couldn't recover as quickly from their loss of balance. Conclusions : From these results, it was suggested that functional decline in flexibility as well as agility and muscular strength would greatly affect falling in older women.
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