Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine
Online ISSN : 1881-4751
Print ISSN : 0039-906X
ISSN-L : 0039-906X
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Volume 54, Issue 4
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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  • EFFECT OF EXERCISE ADHERENCE ON LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN HEART RATE AMONG COMMUNITY-DWELLING ELDERLY
    YUKO YOSHIDA, SHU KUMAGAI, MIHO SUGIURA, TAKETO FURUNA, HIDEYO YOSHIDA ...
    2005 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 295-304
    Published: 2005
    Released on J-STAGE: December 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.54.295
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Background: High heart rate (HR) has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality due to all causes. The present study was conducted to examine the effect of exercise adherence on longitudinal changes in resting heart rate among a population of community-dwelling elderly.
    Methods: The subjects were 133 men and 209 women aged 65 and older who participated in a baseline survey in August 1992 and were subsequently followed annually for 8 years. Resting HR was measured in the sitting position. The independent variable was the longitudinal change in differences of HR (Δ) from 1996 to 2000. Dependent variables were age, heart rate, smoking habit, TMIG index of competence score, and states of exercise adherence during the period 1992-1996.
    Results: Multiple regression analysis showed that heart rate in 1996 and smoking in men, and heart rate, TMIG index of competence score, and exercise adherence during the period 1992-1996 in women were significantly associated with longitudinal change in HR.
    Conclusion: Exercise adherence reduced the increase in HR of elderly women. These results suggest the importance of exercise adherence in elderly women.
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  • EFFECTS OF AEROBIC TRAINING ON VISCERAL FAT AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN OLDER ADULTS
    YOICHI HAYASHI, KIYOJI TANAKA, HIROHITO SONE, SHINYA KUNO
    2005 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 305-313
    Published: 2005
    Released on J-STAGE: December 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.54.305
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Excess accumulation of visceral fat is reported to promote insulin resistance. However, it is not known whether or not insulin resistance improves without reducing visceral fat. Recent studies have reported, however, that exercise can improve insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of low-intensity exercise training on insulin resistance and visceral fat. Participants were 26 older adults, aged 63.9 ± 3.9 years, who were divided into two groups based on visceral fat area (VFA, cm2) measured by X-ray computed tomography. Eight men (153.4 ± 49.4 cm2) and 5 women (151.9 ± 45.5 cm2) were classified as having a VFA of 100 cm2 or more (VFO group), and 6 men and 6 women as having less than 100 cm2 (C group). After a 14-week exercise training program, VFA in women of the VFO group was significantly reduced (126.3 ± 40.0 cm2) ; though it did not reach 100 cm2. However, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), an index of insulin resistance, significantly improved from 4.6 ± 1.9 to 2.2 ± 1.1 among women in the VFO group. These data suggest that improvements in insulin resistance for women with relatively high VFA are weakly associated with exercise-induced reductions in VFA. Based on these results, the activation of skeletal muscle with physical activity has the possibility of being independently associated with an improvement in insulin resistance without a significant decrease of VFA.
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  • EFFECTS OF ALTERING PARAMETERS FOR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION ON CUTANEOUS REFLEXES IN HUMAN INTRINSIC HAND MUSCLE
    TSUYOSHI NAKAJIMA, TAKASHI ENDOH, MASANORI SAKAMOTO, TOSHIKI TAZOE, TO ...
    2005 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 315-323
    Published: 2005
    Released on J-STAGE: December 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.54.315
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The present study investigated an effective method of eliciting medium and long latency cutaneous reflexes in normal human subjects. The effect of changes in stimulus conditions (number of pulse train, duration of electrical pulse and inter-stimulus interval) on cutaneous reflexes in the first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDI) following non-noxious electrical stimulation to the hand digits (digit 1 ; D1, digit 2 ; D2 and digit 5 ; D5) were investigated in seven healthy volunteers. Cutaneous reflexes were elicited while the subjects performed isolated isometric contraction of FDI (D2 abduction). Under all experimental conditions, the level of muscle contraction was set at 10% of the maximal EMG amplitude, which was determined during maximal voluntary contraction. Intensity of the electrical stimulation was set at 2.0 times the perceptual threshold under all experimental conditions.
    Although the amplitude of E2 (excitatory response, peak latency ∼60∼90 ms) was independent of the number of pulses (1, 2, 3, and 5 pulses, pulse frequency at 333 Hz), that of I1 (inhibitory response, ∼45∼60 ms), I2 (inhibitory response, ∼90∼120 ms) and E3 (excitatory response, ∼120∼180 ms) was significantly increased depending on the number of pulses (p<0.001). Amplitudes of E2 and I2 were significantly affected by the digit stimulated (p<0.01). For all four components of the cutaneous reflexes, there were no significant differences in magnitude even by alternating both the inter-stimulus interval (fixed at 1, 2 and 3 Hz and random between at 0.7 and 2 Hz) and the duration (0.1, 0.5 and 1 ms) of the electrical stimulation.
    These findings suggest that the susceptibility of responsible interneurons impinging on each reflex pathway to temporal summation of the test impulse differs depending on the digit stimulated. It is also likely that almost the same population of the cutaneous afferent fibers were activated by test stimulation with different durations as far as the same stimulus intensity was utilized. As a practical application, double or more pulses up to 3 Hz without causing pain is recommended to effectively evoke medium and long latency cutaneous reflexes in FDI, which would reduce possible effects arising from fatigue.
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  • THE EFFECT OF A SHORT-TERM WEIGHT-LOSS PROGRAM IN OBESE MEN WITH SLEEP DISORDERED BREATHING
    KAZUNORI OHKAWARA, KIYOJI TANAKA, FUMIO NAKADOMO, YOSHIO NAKATA, YASUT ...
    2005 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 325-333
    Published: 2005
    Released on J-STAGE: December 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.54.325
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    A number of studies have shown that sleep disordered breathing (SDB) has a strong relation with obesity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a short-term weight-loss program in obese men with SDB. In our 14-week weight-loss program, forty-one obese men (mean±SD, age ; 49.6±10.8 yr, body mass index ; 27.9±2.5 kg/m2) were assigned to 2 subgroups : diet only (DO ; n=19) and diet plus aerobic exercise (DE ; n=22). 2%, 3%, and 4% oxygen desaturation index (ODI) were measured by pulse oximetry before and after the weight-loss program. Weight and %fat significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the total subject pool consisting of DO plus DE (weight ; -8.4±3.5 kg, %fat ; -7.5±3.5%). 2%, 3%, and 4% ODI significantly decreased by -3.46±5.01 event/hour, -2.37±3.57 event/hour, and -1.99±2.84 event/hour, respectively. Significant correlations were found between 2%, 3%, and 4% ODI at baseline and changes of 2%, 3%, and 4% ODI during the weight-loss program (2% ODI ; r=0.48, 3% ODI ; r=0.51, 4% ODI ; r=0.67). Weight loss and %fat loss did not differ significantly between DO and DE (DO : -7.6±3.2 kg, -6.8±3.2%, DE : -9.2±3.7 kg, -8.1±3.7%). The increase in maximal oxygen uptake was slightly larger for DE (4.7±4.6 ml/kg/min) compared to DO (2.5±3.3 ml/kg/min), but there was no significant interaction. Changes of 2%, 3%, and 4% ODI did not differ significantly between groups. These results suggest that for obese men with SDB, the weight-loss program is an effective method, leading to improvement in SDB, although the combination of aerobic exercise to diet may not produce additional effects to SDB, compared with the diet only.
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