Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine
Online ISSN : 1881-4751
Print ISSN : 0039-906X
ISSN-L : 0039-906X
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Volume 58, Issue 4
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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  • EFFECTS OF HABITUAL EXERCISE AND CANDIDATE GENE POLYMORPHISMS RELATED TO BONE ON CALCANEAL QUANTITATIVE ULTRASOUND IN MIDDLE-AGED AND ELDERLY JAPANESE
    HIROYUKI OHKUBO, YOSHIO NAKATA, MICHIKO FUJIMURA, TAKASHI MIYAUCHI, MO ...
    2009 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 421-430
    Published: August 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: September 15, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.58.421
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction of habitual exercise and candidate gene polymorphisms related to bone on osteo sono-assessment index (OSI) by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in middle-aged and elderly Japanese. Participants were classified into exercise group (E; n=172, 62.3 ± 7.7 yr) and sedentary group (S; n=65, 58.6 ± 9.2 yr). The OSI was measured with AOS-100. DNA was extracted from blood, and single nucleotide polymorphism in vitamin D receptor, estrogen receptor α, and transforming growth factor-βI were genotyped by TaqMan assay. Group E had significantly lower body weight and body mass index (BMI) than Group S. In men, although Group E was older than Group S, Group E had significantly higher OSI rather than Group S. There was no significant interaction between habitual exercise and each gene polymorphism on OSI. These results essentially remained unchanged even when analysis of covariance was applied after adjustment for age, body weight, and BMI. These results suggest habitual exercise and genetic factors have no interaction on OSI in middle-aged and elderly Japanese. Further investigations are needed to prove the interaction of other gene polymorphisms and exercise.
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  • INFLUENCE OF COOLING ON CONTINUANCE CONTINUOUS CONTRACTION TIME PRIOR TO MODERATE ISOMETRIC EXERCISE
    MASAHIRO UTSUNOMIYA, KATSUYUKI MORISHITA, HIROSHI KARASUNO, AKIHISA YO ...
    2009 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 431-440
    Published: August 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: September 15, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.58.431
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Purpose : To investigate the cooling effect on muscles prior to continuous isometric muscle contraction. Furthermore, tissue compliance, pressure pain threshold, deep tissue temperature, and tissue circulation volume were measured to investigate the cooling effect on a physical reaction. Method : The biceps brachii muscle was contracted isometrically and continuously at the 90(-) degree in flexion position with 40% of maximum contraction. The task was ceased when subjects could not keep over 70 degrees of elbow flexion. An injection type cooling stimulator was used on the biceps brachii muscle as a cooling modality. Results : The continuous contraction time in the cooled group increased significantly compared with the control group. In addition, tissue compliance and pressure pain threshold showed significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion : This study suggested that the isometric continuous contraction time in cooled muscles can be extended to 40% of MVC. The inhibition of muscle metabolism, an increase in the pressure pain threshold, and tissue compliance may affect muscle endurance.
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  • ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC PROPERTIES OF THE VASTUS MEDIALIS OBLIQUUS AND LONGUS DURING FATIGUING KNEE EXTENSION TASK
    YOSHITSUGU TANINO, SHINICHI DAIKUYA, TOSHIAKI SUZUKI
    2009 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 441-452
    Published: August 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: September 15, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.58.441
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    To clarify the function of the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) and longus (VML), we investigated the electromyographic properties of superficial quadriceps femoris during fatiguing knee extension task.
    Ten healthy male and 10 female volunteers participated in this study. The subjects performed fatiguing knee extension task at maximal effort (10 times×10 set at 60 deg/sec). Surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from the VMO, VML, vastus lateralis(VL) and rectus femoris(RF) during isometric knee extension (knee bent at 60 deg and 30% of the maximal voluntary contraction level) with a 90-sec interval between each set. Knee extension peak torque, integrated EMG (IEMG) and median power frequency (MDF) of four muscles during each set were compared using Dunnett's test.
    Knee extension peak torque decreased gradually and peak torque decreased significantly starting from set 9 in male subjects, while there was no significant decrease in female subjects. IEMG from VMO and VL increased linearly. IEMG increased significantly from set 7 in VMO and set 6 in VL for both male and female subjects. Then, IEMG from both VML and RF increased significantly starting from set 9 in VML and set 8 in RF in male subjects, while there was no significant change in female subjects.
    MDF of VMO, VL and RF also increased significantly at timepoints similar to those showing increases in IEMG in male subjects. However, MDF of VML increased significantly from set 4 in male subjects. On the other hand, MDF did not change significantly in female subjects.
    As a result of this study, it was suggested that VMO and VL were facilitated to maintain target knee extension torque during fatigue. Therefore, it was considered that VML and RF facilitated the maintenance of target torque under fatiguing conditions.
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  • RELIABILITY OF THE ABBREVIATED NEIGHBORHOOD ENVIRONMENT WALKABILITY SCALE JAPANESE VERSION
    SHIGERU INOUE, YUMIKO OHYA, YUKO ODAGIRI, TOMOKO TAKAMIYA, KAORI ISHII ...
    2009 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 453-462
    Published: August 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: September 15, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.58.453
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Objective : To translate the Abbreviated Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale into Japanese (ANEWS-J) and to examine its reliability.
    Methods : One hundred sixty three community residents (male: 38.7%, age: 21-69 years old) of 600 who were randomly selected from the registry of residential addresses of Taitoh Ward in Tokyo and Fujinomiya City in Shizuoka Prefecture, responded to mail survey including ANEWS-J. Seventy-seven of 163 answered same questionnaire twice with ten days interval to examine the test-retest reliability.The questionnaire was translated into Japanese and fixed through the processes of preliminary test, backtranslation into English and discussion with authors of original version.Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for the evaluation of reliability of ANEWS-J.
    Results : ICCs of the eight subscales of ANEWS-J were residential density; r=0.95 (95% confidence interval; 0.93-0.97), land use mix - diversity; r=0.96 (0.94-0.98), land use mix - access; r=0.90 (0.84-0.94), street connectivity; r=0.83 (0.74-0.90), sidewalk / bike lane; r=0.82 (0.71-0.89), aesthetics; r=0.85 (0.76-0.91), traffic safety; r=0.81 (0.70-0.89), crime safety; r=0.76 (0.62-0.86).Stratified analyses by gender and residential district showed satisfactory reproducibility of the subscales (r=0.63-0.97).
    Conclusion : Acceptable reliabilities of all eight subscales of ANEWS-J were confirmed in this study.
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  • DEVELOPMENT OF AN EQUATION FOR PREDICTING BODY SURFACE AREA BASED ON THREE-DIMENSIONAL PHOTONIC IMAGE SCANNING
    KAYO SHITARA, YOHEI TAKAI, MEGUMI OHTA, TAKU WAKAHARA, HIROAKI KANEHIS ...
    2009 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 463-474
    Published: August 01, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: September 15, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.58.463
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This study was conducted to examine the reliability of three-dimensional photonic image scanning (3DPS) for measuring body surface area (BSA), and formulate equations for predicting BSA based on 3DPS. The surface area (SA) of a cylinder with known SA and BSA of 7 males were repeatedly measured by 3DPS. BSA was determined by 3DPS for 122 subjects (25–76 yrs). BSA prediction equations for both genders were developed for the validation group (16 males and 45 females) using body height and mass as independent variables, and were cross-validated for the cross-validation group (16 males and 45 females). The standard error of measurement was 2.2cm2 (0.16%). The coefficients of variation (CV) for repeated measurements of SA were less than 0.2%. The BSA of subjects did not differ significantly on any given day nor between days, with a CV of less than 1%. The coefficient of determination and standard error of estimation of the prediction equations were 0.98 and 183cm2 (1.1%), respectively, for males and 0.98 and 204cm2 (1.3%), respectively, for females. There was no significant difference between the predicted and measured values. In the cross-validation group, there was no significant difference between the predicted and measured values without systematic errors. These findings indicate that 3DPS is reliable for measuring BSA, and the formulated equations are valid and applicable to individuals within a wide age-range.
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