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Volume 48 (1999)
- Issue 6 Pages 671-
- Issue 5 Pages 547-
- Issue 4 Pages 447-
- Issue 3 Pages 343-
- Issue 2 Pages 245-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 48, Issue 3
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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SHIN TERADA, KAZUNOBU OHMORI, YOSHIO NAKAMURA, ISAO MURAOKA1999 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 343-352
Published: June 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of fructose ingestion on maximal exercise performance capacity following prolonged steady-state exercise compared with glucose or placebo ingestion, in 7 male college students (age 23.3±0.7 yr, height 171.3±1.9 cm, weight 68.4±1.4 kg, Vo2max 3.5±0.2 L/min, mean ± SEM) . The subjects cycled constantly on an ergometer at 59± 2 % Vo2max for 100 min divided in the middle by a 5-min rest, and then performed 10 min of all-out self-paced cycling. They ingested either 8 % fructose solution (F), 8 % glucose solution (G) or artifi-cially sweetened placebo (P) before and during exercise (at 20, 40, 65, 85 mm) . Before exercise and at 50 and 100 min of exercise and 5 min after the performance ride, blood samples were collected for determination of the concentrations of blood lactate, serum glucose and serum FFA. In the G trial, the serum FFA level was significantly lower than in the P and F trials at any of the time points dur-ing and after exercise (vs. P ; p<0.01, vs. F ; p<0.05) . However, glucose ingestion maintained serum glucose at a significantly higher level during and after exercise than placebo ingestion (p< 0.01) and improved the total work output in the 10-min performance ride (G vs. P ; 135± 8 KJ vs. 128± 8 KJ, p<0.05) . Although in the F trial, the serum FFA level was elevated during exercise compared to that in the G trial and the serum glucose level was significantly higher than in the P trial (vs. P ; p<0.01), the blood lactate level after exercise was lower than in the G trial and total work output was similar to that in the P trial (123± 8 KJ, vs. G ; p<0.01) . These results indicate that fructose ingestion before and during exercise cannot improve the ability to perform high-intensity exercise late in prolonged exercise despite maintaining the serum glucose level.View full abstractDownload PDF (1277K) -
HIRONORI SATO, AKIRA MIURA, MIKIKO SATO, HARUHIKO SATO, YOSHIYUKI FUKU ...1999 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 353-364
Published: June 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThigh muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and maximum voluntary isometric strength of knee extensor and flexor muscles were measured in 97 men (2065 years) and 162 women (2069 years) in sedentary Japanese adults. Each subject was assigned to one of five age groups (3rd 4th 5th 6th and 7th decade) . Thigh muscle CSA was estimated by our developmental measuring system using an ultrasonographic device, which was connected to a PC for graphical processing. Muscle CSA for the 7th decade in men was significantly smaller than that for the 3rd decade. For women, muscle CSA were no significant from the 3rd to the 7th decade. The isometric knee extensor strength showed a significant decline with age from the 7th decade in men, whereas there was no significant change with age in women. Isometric strength of knee flexors in men showed a gradual decline from the 5th decade. The aging-associated reduction of muscle strength per muscle CSA in the extensors and flexors started from the 6th decade in men. It was concluded that the size and strength of the thigh muscles begin to decrease simultaneously by approximately the 6th decade in men, whereas there are no change until the 7th decade in women.View full abstractDownload PDF (2869K) -
YOSUKE SUMITA, YUKIO SASAKI, TOSHIAKI UENO, HISASHI TANIGUCHI, TAKASHI ...1999 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 365-374
Published: June 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate the effect of teeth clenching on isokinetic knee extension at various velocities, isokinetic muscle strength during knee extension was measured in association with teeth clenching at 30, 60, 150, 300 and 450 degrees per second (deg/s) using the Cybex 6000 isokinetic dynamometer. The volunteer subjects were 9 healthy males (26.2±0.97 years) . The peak torque per body weight and average power per body weight were statistically analyzed. Our results demonstrated that the peak torque per body weight with teeth clenching at 30, 60 and 150 deg/s significantly increased by 7.0%, 7.4% and 4.9%, respectively (p<0.05), but no significant differences were found at 300 and 450 deg/s. While the average power per body weight with teeth clenching at 30, 60 and 150 deg/s significantly increased by 6.5%, 6.1% and 6.9%, respectively (p<0.05), no sig-nificant differences were found at 300 and 450 deg/s. A significant negative correlation was shown between the isokinetic angular velocity and the difference in peak torque per body weight derived from with and without teeth clenching (r=-0.699; p<0.05) . These findings suggested that the effect of teeth clenching on isokinetic muscle strength of knee extension was dependent on the angular velocity, and at lower angular velocities teeth clenching had the effect of increasing the isokinetic muscle strength during knee extension.View full abstractDownload PDF (1016K) -
RYUICHI KOMATA, YOSHINORI MIYAZAKI1999 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 375-384
Published: June 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study was conducted to investigate the effect of playing on a hanging ladder for a long period on active and passive grip strength in elementary school children.
Sixty-three children (mean age =9.2 yr) were assigned to training (male =14, female =17) and control (male =14, female =18) groups.
The children in the training group played on the hanging ladder for 5 to 10 min 5 days per week for 7 months.
Active and passive grip strength, and upper and forearm girth were measured in both groups almost monthly during the playing period.
The percentage of children who succeeded in hanging from the ladder in the training group increased from 50% to 77% in boys and from 70% to 90% in girls between the start and finish of the playing period.
The movement times of ladder hanging in these subjects were significantly shortened in boys and girls during the playing period.
No significant differences were found in active grip strength, or upper and forearm girth, but significant differences were found in passive grip strength between the training and control groups at end of the playing period.
It appears that playing on a hanging ladder for a long period increases passive grip strength, and is useful for developing emergency evacuation ability in elementary school children.:View full abstractDownload PDF (1085K) -
TETSURO SAEKI, YOSHIHARU NABEKURA, KAORU TAKAMATSU1999 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 385-392
Published: June 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo obtain a viewpoint concerning evaluation of endurance type of athletes, we investigated the difference in physiological responses between middle- and long-distance runners in an incremental running test. Measurements were VO2max and time of its appearance, change of VO2 from 1.5 min before exhaustion to exhaustion (ΔVO2), heart rate (HR), and blood lactate after exhaustion.
Results were as follows.
(1) The time of VO2 max appearance in the middle distance runners was earlier than in the long distance runners.
(2) VO2max was significantly higher in the long distance runners than in the middle distance runners.
(3) Blood lactate after exhaustion and HRmax were significantly higher in the middle distance runners than in the long distance runners.
(4) Blood lactate after exhaustion was significantly related to ΔVO2 (r =-0.660, P<0.05) .
These findings suggest that the endurance type of athletes could be evaluated from the time of VO2max appearance, blood lactate after exhaustion and HRmax in incremental running, and that VO2max appearance may be effected by high blood lactate accumulation.View full abstractDownload PDF (950K) -
MITSUO NEYA, MASAAKI SUGITA, RYUJI KAWAMOTO, KOJI WATARAI, TAKASHI KAW ...1999 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 393-402
Published: June 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate effects of 1, 300 meters altitude on swimming training, several physiologic parameters were examined in eight female high school swimmers before, during and after living and training for six days at 1, 300 meters altitude.
Variables included peak heart rate (peakHR), rate of perceived exhaustion (RPE) and blood lactate concentration (BLa) associated with 200m swimming at submaximal and maximal speeds were measured 2-3 days before, during and 1-2 days after altitude exposure. Blood samples were collected before, during and after altitude exposure.
On day 1 of altitude exposure, peakHR and RPE at submaximal speeds increased from pre-altitude values while BLa didn't change. At maximal speed, swimming speed and BLa decreased, RPE increased, and peakHR didn't change from pre-altitude.
During altitude exposure, for the first three days of altiude exposure for peakHR and for all six days for RPE, the same submaximal speeds elicited greater values than pre-altitude.
Post-altitude BLa at submaximal speeds was reduced compared to pre-altitude. Maximal heart rate, RPE, and BLa at maximal speed didn't change pre- to post-altitude. However, mean values of them decreased from pre-altitude.
Erythropoietin was elevated above pre-altitude on day 2, and reticulocytes increased post-altitude significantly from pre-altitude.
These results indicate that the relative workload increased during the training at 1, 300 meters. There also appeared to be some stimulation for erythropoiesis.
In summary, this study found that 1, 300 meters altitude increased the difficulty of swimming training and six days at 1, 300 meters produced mild stimulation of erythropoiesis in these female swimmersView full abstractDownload PDF (1106K) -
YASUKA KOMORI, ICHIRO KONO, MAYUMI SAITO, ISAO SAKATA1999 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 403-411
Published: June 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was conducted to examine the effects of different types of swimming on vision, including contrast sensitivity, depth perception, static visual acuity, number of eyeblinks, and pain scale. Six college water-polo players swam (A) at a water flow rate of 0 m·sec-1 with floating, (B) at 0.83±0.04 m·sec-1 with floating, (C) at 1.09±0.05 m·sec-1 with floating, (D) at 0.83±0.04 m·sec-1 doing the front crawl (50%VO2max), and (E) at 1.09±0.05 m·sec-1 doing the front crawl (80%VO2max) for 15 min on a swimmill. To avoid the effect by chlorine, the free radical residual chlorine concentration was fixed at 0 ppm in the swimmill.
We found no significant differences in vision before and after A. On the other hand, contrast sensitivity during the test decreased significantly in C and E (p<0.05) . Depth perception and number of eyeblinks increased significantly in C and E (p<0.05) . Subjects had a high pain scale in C and E (p<0.01) . Thus it seems that water flow may disturb of vision. We conclude that it is impor. tant for swimmers to prevent impairment of vision.View full abstractDownload PDF (1160K) -
HAJIME MIURA, HIDEO ARAKI, HIDEKI MATOBA1999 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 413-419
Published: June 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to find the cause behind the difference in the pattern of oxygenation between thigh and calf muscles during an incremental cycling exercise, we investigated the relationship between oxygenation and surface myoelectric activity. Five healthy male subjects performed the five 6-min cycling exercises of 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 watts. We measured oxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin (oxy-Hb/Mb) on continuous wave near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and myoelectric activity with surface electrodes (EMG) . The NIR probe and electrodes were positioned on the vastus lateralis muscle (VL) and lateral gastrocnemius muscle (LG) of the right leg. The relative change in oxy-Hb/Mb was estimated by regarding the oxy-Hb/Mb level in the resting condition as 100% and that obtained during thigh occlusion as 0 %. The mean values of oxy-Hb/Mb and integrated EMG (iEMG) determined ranged from 5'30'' to 6'00'' at each work rate. In the VL, the oxy-Hb/Mb level decreased slightly at 50 and 150 watts (99.2±6.8% and 84.6±12.9%), followed by a more prom-inent decrease at 200 and 250 watts (74.9±11.9 and 65.2±9.6%) . The iEMG increased slowly at 50 and 150 watts (24.9±8.8 and 38.0±8.8μV), and a rapid increment occurred at 200 and 250 watts (49.6±13.0 and 57.3±19.6μV) . In the LG, however, the oxy-Hb/Mb level was decreased slightly at 50 and 200 watts (97.3±11.1 and 87.4±6.4%) and a rapid decrement occurred at 250 watts (74.1±6.0%) . The iEMG increased slowly at 50 and 200 watts (18.3±9.4 and 30.5±8.8 μV), and a rapid increment occurred at 250 watts (38.5±8.9 μV) . There was a significant negative correlation between the oxy-Hb/Mb level and iEMG in the VL (r=-0.587, p<0.001) and in the LG (r=-0.599, p<0.001) . From these results, we speculated that the difference in the relative change of oxy-Hb/Mb between the vastus lateralis and the lateral gastrocnemius muscle was due to the difference of increase pattern of muscle activity accompanied by an increase in exercise intensity in these two muscles.View full abstractDownload PDF (843K) -
1999 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 421-428
Published: June 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1564K) -
1999 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 429-434
Published: June 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (866K) -
1999 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 435-445
Published: June 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1681K)
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