Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon

On the "Dryopithecns Pattern" in Recent Japanese

MAKOTO SUZUKI, TAKURO SAKAI

1956 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 87-94
Published: February 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.64.87

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The Dryopithecus pattern, as described by GREGORY in 1916, has been a subject of study by many anthropologists, and many treatises on the subject have been published, but only a few were studies on Japanese subjects.
The authors observed the fissure pattern -in three form (Y, +, X) according to JφRGENSEN'S classification- and the number of cusps by the method of making a plaster cast of the crowns of the first and the second lower molars of 438 Japanese (214 males and 224 females).
The results are summarized as follows:
(1) The Y-pattern appeared in the first lower molar in 70.7 per cent of the total cases. This rate is extremely low compared with Caucasians and Negroids. The first molar had five cusps in 97.9 per cent of the cases, a very high rate compared to that for Caucasians.
(2) The Y-pattern appeared in the second lower molar in 4.5 per cent of the total cases. The second molar had five cusps in 53.7 per cent of the cases, again a high rate compared to that for Caucasians.
(3) In rate of appearance of both the Y-pattern and number of cusps no significant difference between male and female can be recognized.
(4) The first molar has six cusps in 12.5 per cent and the second molar in 3.7 per cent of toral cases.
(5) The Japanese seem to be highly specialized in the trend toward a reduction in the fissure pattern on the lower molars, but they seem to have a higher frequency of five cusps in the lower molars than other racial groups.

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Studies on the Deciduous Dentition of the Japanese and the Japanese-American Hybrids

III. Deciduous Lower Molars

KAZURO HANIHARA

1956 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 95-116
Published: February 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.64.95

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This article describes the deciduous lower molars, and forms the third chapter of my work.

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On the Non-Ceramic Culture in Japan

CHOUSUKE SERIZAWA

1956 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 117-129
Published: February 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.64.117

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Until 1949 when TADAHIRO AIZAWA noticed the possible existence of the non-ceramic industries in Japan on the basis of the findings at a site near Kiryu in the Kanto district, it had been said that the oldest culture in Japan was the Jomon culture characterlized by Jomon pottery. At the site, stone implements were found in a formation called "the Kanto loam layer" which was presumably formed near the end of the Pleistocene period. Thereafter many students including the author have made efforts to collect more data on the subject in all parts of the country. We may summarize the results obtained up to the present as follows.
The non-ceramic culture in Japan seems to have lasted for a relatively long time, because there are several distinguishable industries in it which can be recognized by the technological characteristics of the stone implements. Typological as well as stratigraphical studies made it possible to classify the following six different industries:
(1) Hand-axe plus Blade industry
(2) Blade industry (capable of more detailed classification)
(3) Knife-blade industry
(4) "Kiridashi"-shaped Knife-blade industry
(5) Point industry
(6) Microlithic industry
These industries, except for (3) and (4) seem to have spread over almost all the country. From the chronological point of view the industries presumably occured one after another, following the above mentioned sequence from (1) to (6), of which (1) to (5) probably belong to Late Pleistocene and (6) belongs to the earliest part of Holocene. According to the radiocarbon dates the beginning of the Jomon culture is estimated to be between 4000 and 5000 B. C., and the industries from (1) to (5) are comparable to the Palaeolithic and the industry (6) to the Mesolithic in Europe.

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