Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon

Ont he Ear-Ornaments ehr tang Worn by the Ancient Chinese Women

YOSHITO HARADA

1960 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 1-7
Published: May 30, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.68.1

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Judging from the documents and relics, it seems that the custom to wear ehr tang originated at about the last stage of the period of the Contending States.Frequent discoveries of those ehr tang from both China proper and its settlements afford evidence to show that the custom was most prevalent under the Han Dynasty.The custom may well beconsidered, as Liu-Hsi _??_ of the later Han Dynasty described in his writing "Shih-Ming _??_", to have been brought from the southern Asiatic people, who had close connection with China in both political and cultural aspects from the period of the Contending States to the age of the Han Dynasty.
Many of those ehr tang are made of glass, a material loved by Chinese of the time, which seems to have been imported from the west.
Plates:
(1). Glass ehr tang from Lo-Lang Site, Korea.(Full-sized)
(2). Clay figure of a dancing girl of the Han Dynasty, discovered near KuangChou in Kuang-Tung, China.
(3). A woman wearing ehr tang, Central Burma.
(4). Agate ehr tang (?)(three above) and turquoise ehr tang (?)(two below) discovered from an old tomb in Chin-Ning Hsien, Yun-Nan, China.
(5). Jade ehr tang from a tomb of the Han Dynasty, Ch'ang-Sha Hsien, Hu-Nan, China.

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On the Framework of Uncivilized Huts and the Knotting Work

IWAO NUKADA

1960 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 8-15
Published: May 30, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.68.8

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In ancient times, such human activities as transportation, hunting, fishing, and building are considered to be constructive techniques mankind mastered.
Developing these constructive techniques, mankind has rapidly improved its civilization comparing with other animals.
Among these works, building of huts is the one which needs higher technique than others.
In building huts, the following three elements are necessary; those are framework, roofing, and plastering. But the main element which determines the way in which the building of huts is done is the "framework ".
From the viewpoint of their shape, we can classify the types of huts as follows, (1) cone type, (2) semi-spherical type, (3) tunnel type, (4) square type, (5) chevron type, (6) hip type, (7) flat roof type, (8) slope roof type and (9) gable type.
In classifying the types of huts, we must also consider the types of the main pole, the total number of posts, the total number of poles, and also the total num- ber of parts at which knots are held.
In this paper, the author describes on how to make the frame-work for poles, and also on the kinds of knotting suitable for each step in but building.
In the last part of this paper the author discussed each examples of the types of but found among present uncivilized peoples.
Using these results, the author hopes to clarify the history in the development of building technique in near future.

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The Influence of Squatting Posture on the Calcaneus in the Japanese

Formation of the Forward Extension Complex of the Posterior Talar Articular Surface

IWATARO MORIMTO

1960 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 16-22
Published: May 30, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.68.16

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1. Three hundred and thirty-three fresh and cleaned adult and foetal Japanese calcanei were observed for the forward extension complex of the posterior talar articular surface.
2. Three types of the forward extension complex were represented and one additional type is added for comparison.
3. The forward extension complex was in general markedly developed in the adult calcanei, whereas it was absent or incompletely developed in the foetal ones.
4. From the anatomical, topographical and mechanical points of view, the cause of the forward extension complex was to be sought in pressure and rubbing of both posterior talar articular surface and facies externa accessoria corporis tali during such eversion-abduction-dorsiflexion of the subtalar joint as secured the stability of the foot in the postnatal squatting posture.

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Tamcbuchi Site in Tokyo

KINNOJO ENOMOTO

1960 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 23-35
Published: May 30, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.68.23

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This site is located at Seki-machi, Nerima-ku, Tokyo. (Fig. 1, mark ×)
Musashino upland where the site is situated is about 55 metres above the sealevel and forms two river terraces along the river Syakujii which runs along the heights to the East. The upper terrace is the Musashino plane and the lower one is the Tachikawa plane. The difference in height between the terraces is about 6 metres, and Tachikawa plane is about 1 metre higher than the alluvial plane. Burnt pebbles, stone flakes and chips are scattered over the upper part of the slope between Musashino plane and the Tachikawa plane. (Fig. 3)
The stratum consists of Layers 1-7 (Fig. 2) and the relics have been excavated from Layers I-V (Fig. 2). The number of the relics except pebbles excavated from each layer is shown in the list in the text. The blade technique is absent in the industry.
The following are the typical relics found in each layer : Layer I Fig. 4, No. 14. Layer II Fig. 4, Nos. 1-13, 15-17. Layer III Fig. 5, Nos. 19-22. Layer IV Fig. 5, Nos. 23, 24. Layer V Fig. 5, Nos. 25, 26, 27-35.
A piece of charcoal found in Layer II has been identified as a chestnut. Fig. 4, No. 1 is a knife-like tool; No. 8 is a tool like the "Kiridashi" knife; Fig. 5, Nos. 23 and 24 are "point"-like tools. The stratigraphical analysis of the relics shows that the knife-like tool and the tool like the "Kiridashi" knife precede the "point"-like tool.
So far as the present writer's investigation is concerned, not any earthenware has been found in Layer IV. The certainty, however, that here is no earthenware to be assoiated with Layer IV must depend upon further investigation of the site.

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