Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon

Population Study of Japanese Monkeys at Takasakiyama I

K. MASUI, A. NISHIMURA, H. OHSAWA, Y. SUGIYAMA

1973 Volume 81 Issue 4 Pages 236-248
Published: December 01, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.81.236

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Population censuses of Japanese monkeys at Takasakiyama were taken three times from 1970-1972. Because the population has become very large confirming exact troop sizes presents many practical problems. This paper, the first in a series of reports on demography at Takasakiyama, describes the methods used in the census, giving population size and age-sex compositions of these unusually large troops. Provisioning began at Takasakiyama in 1953. The Takasakiyama troop split three times since then, and four troop were made. The fourth troop was trapped and removed after the last division. The first three troops, A, B, and C, now have populations of 880-900, 250-260, and 250-260 respectively. Over the twenty years since provisioning began the size has increased 6 1/2 times, from 220 to 1400 individuals. These are the largest troops of non-human primates known to exist, and the population is still increasing linearly.

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An Analysis of the Psychosomatic Development of Rural School Chidlren

Shoki KYO, Isao TAKAHASHI

1973 Volume 81 Issue 4 Pages 249-259
Published: December 01, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.81.249

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristic of the psychosomatic development in rural school children, analyzing the distributions of the phonating and tapping reaction times to tone click stimuli at irregular intervals.
The distribution of the reaction time was described in the form of integration curve of the percentages of total trials in successive reaction time intervals in each grade and sex group. In 1971 and 1972, we investigated the reaction times of the children in three primary and junior high schools of mountain villages in Gumma Prefecture.
The results could be summarized as follows:
1) The psychosomatic development of rural children would show a marked increase between the 1st grade and the 3rd grade in primary school and, moreover, between the 5th grade in primary and the 1st grade in junior high school.
2) The psychosomatic development in rural children was inferior to that in urban children, especially in the primary school times, probably due to the influence of the rural living environment, where external artificial stimuli were less. This delay in the psychosomatic development in rural children was more remarkable in girls than in boys.
3) The tapping reaction time was always shorter than the phonating reaction time in all stages of growth both of rural and urban children.

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Finger, Palmar, Middle and Basal Phalangeal Dermatoglyphic Study of the Oraons of Ranchi, Ind

P. Dash SHARMA, Bhagirath SAHU

1973 Volume 81 Issue 4 Pages 260-267
Published: December 01, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.81.260

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[in Japanese]

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Occlusion and Inclination of the Pashtun and Tajik in Afghanistan

Takuro SAKAI, Hajime HANAMURA, Norikazu OHNO, Yoshihiro OHBA

1973 Volume 81 Issue 4 Pages 268-276
Published: December 01, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.81.268

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We have reported previously on the descriptive features and the size of the dentition of the Pashtun and Tajik in Afghanistan. The present work concerns an occlusion and incisor inclination. The materials used were 111 upper and lower plaster casts of 74 Pashtuns and 37 Tajiks. The materials of the Japanese used in comparative study were 184 upper and lower plaster casts. On these plaster casts vertical overbite, horizontal overbite (overjet) (fig. 1), sagittal molar relation (fig. 2) and angle of the incisor inclination (fig. 3) were measured. As a rule, the right-side teeth were studied. The results are summarized as follows:
1. Figures for the overbite, overjet and sagittal molar relation are given in table 1. The overbite of the Pashtun is smaller than that of the Tajik or the Japanese. The over jet (from the midpoint of the incisal edge of the upper first incisor to the labial surface of the lower first incisor) of the Pashtun or the Tajik is smaller than that of the Japanese. No significant differ ences between the populations are observed in the sagittal molar relation.
2. The percentage frequency of Angle Class I in the Pashtun or the Tajik is higher than in the Japanese (table 3).
3. Figures for the angle of the incisor inclination are given in table 6. The angle of the upper incisor inclination of the Pashtun or the Tajik is larger than that of the Japanese, but rio significant differences between the populations are observed in the lower incisor inclination.

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On the "Charcoal Analysis"

Masaki NISHIDA

1973 Volume 81 Issue 4 Pages 277-285
Published: December 01, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.81.277

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For the purpose of elucidating the flora near the human occupation and revealing a part of human way of living in prehistoric time, the total of number 100 charcoal chips randomly collected from the Kuwagai-shimo Site (late Jomon) were analysed according to the same method as used for the identification of timber.
Among 100 samples, 81 specimens were identified of their species (52 samples: 15 species), of their genus (27 samples: 4 genus). Frequencies of appearence were Cyclobalanopsis (20), Castanea crenata (13), Juglans mandshurica, and Zelkova serrata in this order.
Under the assupmtion that these charcoals were the remains of firing by the prehistoric man, the comparison of the methods was made between the charcoal and the pollen analyses.
Charcoal analysis might reflect the flora near the more close area of the habitate, and at the same time, reflect the selection of timber for the use by the human beings, as compared to the data obtained by the pollen analysis. In those days, Cyclobalanopsis and Castanea crenata were assumed to have frequently been used as firing lolls. The vegetation surrounding the site was the forest of warm climatic conditions and also the secondary forest was thought to have covered those sites.

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